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简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语基本句型一:S十V主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,等等。如:1).学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________2).她再次向我道歉。_______________________________________3).事故是昨天晚上发生的。_____________________________________补充:少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语,这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的,这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常见的能带同源宾语的动词有:lead,live,die,sleep,dream,breathe,smile,laugh,fight,run,sing等。例如:4).UndertheleadershipoftheParty,thepeasantsleadahappylife._______________________________________________________________________。5).Idreamedaterribledreamlastnight.__________________________________________。6).OursoldiersfoughtawonderfulfightagainstthefloodslastAugust.______________________________________________________________________。7).Hediedagloriousdeath._____________________________________________________。基本句型二:S十V十P主系表结构这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。如:8)Weshould____________________anytime.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。9)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________.B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如:10)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。11)Don'thavethefood._______________________________.不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。12)Thefact_____________________.这个事实证明是正确的。基本句型三:S十V十O主谓宾结构这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:13)我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.14)Youplacemeinadifficultsituation.________________________________________。15)Theyfinallymanagedtogetalongwithus._____________________________________。16)Theyhave_________________________ofthechildren.这些孩子他们照看得很好。17)Idon’tlikebeingtreatedlikethis.________________________________。基本句型四:S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构,O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。如:18)Yesterdayherfather________________________________________asabirthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19)TheoldmanistellingthechildrenstoriesintheLongMarch.___________________________________________________。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:A.动词+直接宾语+forsb.;B.动词+直接宾语+tosb.。20)Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.==Please_____________________________________.请把你的画给我看一下。21)I'llofferyouagoodchanceaslongasyoudontloseheart.==I'lloffer________________________________________aslongasyoudon'tloseheart.只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。基本句型五:S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构这种句型中的宾语+补语可统称为“复合宾语”,作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:22)Keep________________________________,please.请让孩子们安静下来。23)他把墙漆成白色。________________________________________________________.24)我们发现他是一个诚实的人。______________________________________________.注意:动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,observe,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:25)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.______________________________________。句型一主语+系动词+表语[讲解](1)系动词的三种分类:在初中阶段,我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be,remain,stay,keep,prove等;表示“变化”类的有grow,turn,get,become,fall,go,come等;表示“感官”类的有look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem,appear等。例如:Iamaseniorschoolstudentwhileheisajuniorone.我是高中生,他是初中生。Afterfouryears,Tombecameadoctor/turneddoctor.四年后,汤姆成了一名医生。Thestorysoundsinterestingandinstructive.这故事听起来既有趣,又有教育意义。(2)可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。例如:Inordertokeephealthy,hetakesexerciseeveryday.(形容词作表语)Inmymind,motherismyhero.(名词作表语)Look!Yourpetdogisthere.(副词作表语)Theschoolbagscomeindifferentsizes.(介词短语作表语)You’vechangedalot.Youarenotwhatyouwere.(表语从句作表语)Manypassengersgotinjuredintheaccident.(过去分词作表语)Themachinekeepsrunningforalongtime.(现在分词短语作表语)(3)使用系动词应注意的地方:第一,没有被动语态;第二,一般没有进行时(除了feel以外);第三,有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。如:keep,grow,taste,feel,get,smell等。第四,非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解,高中阶段将涉及。)例如:Aftertwo-day’streatment,hefeltwellagain.(不用wasfelt)Heremainsanexcellentengineerinthefactory.(不用isremained)比较以下句子:Thepetdogkeepsclean.ItiskeptbyJohnson.(keeps是系动词,而kept是及物动词)Wegrewsometreesaroundourschoolandtheygrowgreennow.(grew是及物动词,而grow是系动词)JustnowIfeltthetableanditfeltsmooth.(第一个felt是及物动词,而第二个是系动词)[练习]选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空,注意动词的适当形式。(1)I__________(remain/keep/stay)anursewhilehehas__________(turn/become)engineer.(2)Putthemeatintherefrigerator(冰箱).It__________(go/get/turn/become)badeasily.(3)Whathesaid__________(sound/look/smell/taste)reasonable.(4)Hefeels__________(comfortable/comfortably)workingintheair-conditionedoffice.(5)Wedomorningexercisesto__________(keep/turn/become)healthy.(6)Theapple__________(tastes/istasted)sweet.(7)Pleasekeep__________(安静);Thebabyhasfallen__________(睡着).(8)Theyworkdayandnighttomaketheirdreamcome__________(实现).Key:(1)—(4)remain,turned;goes;sounds;comfortable(5)—(8)keep;tastes;quiet,asleep;true句型二主语+不及物动词[讲解](1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree,lie,work,argue,belong,come,go,reply等。(2)不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agreewith,liein,workat,belongto,comeacross,goto等。(3)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin,sell,write,wash,answer,read等。例如:Themeetingbeginsathalfpastnine.(不及物动词)Theprofessorbeganhisspeechdirectly.(及物动词)Thebooksofthiskindsellwellandhewillsellthem.(第一个sell为不及物动词,而第二个是及物动词)。[练习]
本文标题:简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题
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