高级英语写作

考试题型PartITranslation(10%)PartIISentence-evaluating(10%)PartIIISentence-rewriting(15%)PartIVPlagiarism-checking(10%)PartVSentence-revising(10%)PartVIAbstract-analyzing(15%)PartVIIParagraph-writing(15%)PartVIIISummary-writing(15%)formalityLongandformalwordsareusedinsteadofwordsusedindailycommunication.Complexgrammaticalstructuressuchasnominalphrases,subordinateclausesandpassivesarepreferred.Avoidusingthesecondpersonpronounssuchas“you”,etc.thesepronounsmakeyourwritingsoundlikeyouareaddressreadersorally.Eliminatecontractionssuchasisn’t,don’t,you’re,etc.whichareconsideredtooinformalandconversationalforacademicwriting.Avoidrun-onsentences.Run-onsentencesarecommoninspeechandotherinformalinteractionsbecausewejustkeepaddingsomethingwewantedtosay.Inwriting,however,theserun-onsbecomedistractingandhardtofollow.EX.Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesanddiscusstheirstyle.Menwerereluctanttoretire,becausetheyanticipatedthattheywouldbedeprivedofmoneyratherthanwork.Reluctanceamongmentoretirewasassociatedwithanticipateddeprivations,mainlyofmoneyratherthanofattachmenttowork.AEX.Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesanddiscusstheirstyle.Theaboveanalysisseemstoindicatethatmanyfactorscontributetoglobalwarming.Fromtheaboveanalysis,wecanseethattherearemanyfactorsinfluenceglobalwarming.AEX.Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesanddiscusstheirstyle.Failuretorecognizetheseriousproblemofgrowingpopulationwillleadtoabigmistake.Ifwedon’trecognizetheseriousproblemofgrowingpopulation,wewillmakeabigmistake.AEX.Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesanddiscusstheirstyle.Ifoneacquaintshimselfwiththemanufacturerclosely,itwillrevealthathisconsumingpassionisproduction.Closeacquaintancewiththemanufacturerrevealsthathisconsumingpassionisproduction.AEX.Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesanddiscusstheirstyle.Laserisoneofthemostsensationaldevelopmentsinrecentyears,becausewecanapplyittomanyfieldofscienceandadaptittopracticaluses.Laserisoneofthemostsensationaldevelopmentsinrecentyears,becauseofitsapplicationtomanyfieldsofscienceanditsadaptabilitytopracticaluses.AEX.Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesanddiscusstheirstyle.Despitepotentialbenefitsofsuchtechniques,seriousconcernshavebeenraisedconcerningthepotentialenvironmentalandmedicalconsequencesofGMOs.Althoughtherearepotentialbenefitsofsuchtechniques,peoplehaveseriousconcernsconcerningthepotentialenvironmentalandmedicalconsequencesofGMOs.AEX.Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesanddiscusstheirstyle.Peoplepresentafairlyconsistentpictureofitsshort-termeffectsonusersinmanypublications.Afairlyconsistentpictureofitsshort-termeffectsonusersispresentedinmanypublications.AEX.Comparethefollowingpairsofsentencesanddiscusstheirstyle.WhilewehavealreadylearnedmuchabouttheacutephysiologicaleffectsofCannabis(大麻),there’sstillmuchweneedtolearn.WhilemuchhasalreadybeenlearnedabouttheacutephysiologicaleffectsofCannabis,muchremainstobelearned.AEx.Rewritethefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinstructioninthebrackets.1.Wemaybreakthesesectionsdownintoavarietyofsubsectionsandarrangetheminavarietyofways.(Usepassivesentence)2.Weshouldplacetheemphasisonthediscussionofthereportforthisreadership.(Usepassivesentence)Thesesectionsmaybebrokendownintoavarietyofsubsections,andtheymaybearrangedinavarietyofways.Emphasisshouldbeplacedonthediscussionofthereportforthisreadership.rewriterewriteEx.Rewritethefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinstructioninthebrackets.3.Thissubsectionisrhetoricallyusefulbecauseitmakesyoumorecrediblebyindicatingthatthedatapresentedisbasedonthefactthatyouhaveknownthoroughlywhathasbeendoneinthefield.(Avoidthepronoun“you”andtheabstractnounispreferred.)4.Areasonableapproachtotheactualwritingprocessincludingeditingtomakeitaccurateandclearwillhelpyoutoproduceeffectivereportsefficiently.(Avoidthepronoun“you”andtheabstractnounispreferred.)Thissubsectionhasrhetoricalusefulnessinthatitenhancesthecredibilitybyindicatingthatthedatapresentedisbasedonthefactthatonehasknownthoroughlywhathasbeendoneinthefield.Areasonableapproachtotheactualwritingprocessincludingeditingtomakeitaccurateandclearwillhelponetoproduceeffectivereportsefficiently.rewriterewriteEx.Rewritethefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinstructioninthebrackets.5.Ifweinvestigatetherelativeeffectivenessofvariousswimmingstrokes,wehavetodetailthenumberofswimmerstested.(Usenominalphrases)6.Thefinalsectionistodiscusstheresultsobtainedandstateanyconclusionswhichmaybedrawnfromthoseresults.(Usenominalphrases.)Aninvestigationoftherelativeeffectivenessofvariousswimmingstrokeswouldhavetodetailthenumberofswimmerstested.Thefinalsectionofaresearchreportisadiscussionoftheresultsobtainedandastatementofanyconclusionswhichmaybedrawnfromthoseresults.rewriterewriteEx.Rewritethefollowingsentencesaccordingtotheinstructioninthebrackets.7.Weshouldexplainthesignificance---social,economical,psychological,educational,etc.---ofthequestion.(Beginthesentencewithanimpersonalnoun.)8.Wedonotobjecttowritingthatispleasingandinteresting.(Beginthesentencewithanimpersonalnoun.)Thereshouldbeanexplan