Improved-Oxygen-Reduction-Activity-on-Pt3Ni(111)-v

DOI:10.1126/science.1135941,493(2007);315Scienceetal.VojislavR.StamenkovicSurfaceSiteAvailabilityNi(111)viaIncreased3ImprovedOxygenReductionActivityonPtThiscopyisforyourpersonal,non-commercialuseonly.clickinghere.colleagues,clients,orcustomersby,youcanorderhigh-qualitycopiesforyourIfyouwishtodistributethisarticletoothers here.followingtheguidelinescanbeobtainedbyPermissiontorepublishorrepurposearticlesorportionsofarticles ):April11,2014(thisinformationiscurrentasofThefollowingresourcesrelatedtothisarticleareavailableonlineat:includinghigh-resolutionfigures,canbefoundintheonlineUpdatedinformationandservices,:SupportingOnlineMaterial:canberelatedtothisarticleAlistofselectedadditionalarticlesontheScienceWebsites:cites21articlesThisarticle212article(s)ontheISIWebofSciencecitedbyThisarticlehasbeen:citedbyThisarticlehasbeen:ThisarticleappearsinthefollowingregisteredtrademarkofAAAS.isaScience2007bytheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience;allrightsreserved.ThetitleCopyrightAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience,1200NewYorkAvenueNW,Washington,DC20005.(printISSN0036-8075;onlineISSN1095-9203)ispublishedweekly,exceptthelastweekinDecember,bytheScienceonApril11,2014(22–28).TheapplicationofgrapheneNEMSextendsbeyondjustmechanicalresonators.Thisrobustconductingmembranecanactasananoscalesupportingstructureoratomicallythinmembraneseparatingtwodisparateenvironments.ReferencesandNotes1.H.G.Craighead,Science290,1532(2000).2.K.L.Ekinci,M.L.Roukes,Rev.Sci.Instrum.76,061101(2005).3.B.T.Kelly,PhysicsofGraphite(AppliedScience,London;Englewood,NJ,1981).4.M.Wilson,Phys.Today59,21(2006).5.K.S.Novoselovetal.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.10451(2005).6.K.S.Novoselovetal.,Nature438,197(2005).7.Y.B.Zhang,Y.W.Tan,H.L.Stormer,P.Kim,Nature438,201(2005).8.J.S.Bunch,Y.Yaish,M.Brink,K.Bolotin,P.L.McEuen,NanoLett.5,287(2005).9.MaterialsandmethodsareavailableassupportingmaterialonScienceOnline.10.A.C.Ferrarietal.,Phys.Rev.Lett.97,187401(2006).11.A.Gupta,G.Chen,P.Joshi,S.Tadigadapa,P.C.Eklund,NanoLett.6,2667(2006).12.D.Grafetal.,(2006).13.V.Sazonovaetal.,Nature431,284(2004).14.S.Timoshenko,D.H.Young,W.Weaver,VibrationProblemsinEngineering.(Wiley,NewYork,ed.4,1974),pp.425–427.15.D.Qian,G.J.Wagner,W.K.Liu,M.F.Yu,R.S.Ruoff,Appl.Mech.Rev.55,495(2002).16.L.Sekaricetal.,Appl.Phys.Lett.81,4455(2002).17.X.X.Li,T.Ono,Y.L.Wang,M.Esashi,Appl.Phys.Lett.83,3081(2003).18.K.Y.Yasumuraetal.,J.Microelectromech.Syst.9,117(2000).19.S.S.Verbridge,J.M.Parpia,R.B.Reichenbach,L.M.Bellan,H.G.Craighead,J.Appl.Phys.99,124304(2006).20.R.J.Schoelkopf,P.Wahlgren,A.A.Kozhevnikov,P.Delsing,D.E.Prober,Science280,1238(1998).21.M.D.LaHaye,O.Buu,B.Camarota,K.C.Schwab,Science304,74(2004).22.B.Ilicetal.,J.Appl.Phys.95,3694(2004).23.N.V.Lavrik,P.G.Datskos,Appl.Phys.Lett.82,2697(2003).24.K.L.Ekinci,X.M.H.Huang,M.L.Roukes,Appl.Phys.Lett.84,4469(2004).25.T.Kenny,IEEESensorsJ.1,148(2001).26.A.N.Cleland,M.L.Roukes,Nature392,160(1998).27.R.G.Knobel,A.N.Cleland,Nature424,291(2003).28.T.P.Burg,S.R.Manalis,Appl.Phys.Lett.83,2698(2003).29.WethankC.UmbachandL.BellanforhelpwithRamanspectroscopy;R.ReichenbachforhelpwiththelasersetupandtheschematicintheSupportingOnlineMaterial;andP.Kim,Y.Zhang,R.Ilic,andK.Schwabforusefuldiscussions.ThisworkwassupportedbytheNSFthroughtheCenterforNanoscaleSystemsandtheCornellCenterforMaterialsResearch,andbytheMicroelectronicsAdvancedResearchCorporationFocusedResearchCenteronMaterials,Structures,andDevices.SamplefabricationwasperformedattheCornellNanoscaleScienceandTechnologyFacility,aNationalNanotechnologyInfrastructureNetworknode,fundedbyNSF.SupportingOnlineMaterial(111)viaIncreasedSurfaceSiteAvailabilityVojislavR.Stamenkovic,1,2*BenFowler,3BongjinSimonMun,2GuofengWang,4PhilipN.Ross,2ChristopherA.Lucas,3NenadM.Markovic´1*Theslowrateoftheoxygenreductionreaction(ORR)inthepolymerelectrolytemembranefuelcell(PEMFC)isthemainlimitationforautomotiveapplications.WedemonstratedthatthePt3Ni(111)surfaceis10-foldmoreactivef