高考语法专项--非谓语动词

高考语法专项--非谓语动词1.____bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive.2.Hewonthefirstprize,which_____eachofus.A.surprisedB.surprisingC.surprisesD.surprsie3.___moretime,Iwouldfinishthetest.A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive.什么是非谓语动词？非谓语动词就是不是谓语的动词。英语一句话里面只能出现一个主谓结构，如果出现更多的动词，就要1.加入连词(and/but/so...)，构成并列句2.放入从句，构成主从复合句3.变成非谓语动词，构成动词短语加句子非谓语动词形式不定式to+V原动名词V-ing分词现在分词V-ing过去分词V-edtodo形式主动被动一般式todo完成式进行式tobedonetohavedonetobedoingtohavebeendonetodo句法功能主语_______________________(进入一所好大学)ismygoal.宾语Ineed________________(努力学习).表语Myaimbitionis____________________(获得第一名).宾补Ourteacherencouragesme___________(尝试一下).定语Thereisnothing_______________(需要担心的).状语____________________(为了实现梦想）,Ijusthavetosparenoefforts.ToenteragoodcollegetostudyhardtogetthefirstplacetohaveatrytoworryaboutTorealizemydreamTobeadmittedtoagoodcollegetodo的特殊用法1.做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前，如：Toseeistobelieve.但更常用于用it做形式主语的句型中：It+谓语+todo.Ittookyearsofwork__________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014全国卷I)It's+n.+todo.It'sourduty_______________(protect)theenvironment.toreducetoprotectIt's+adj.+(forsb.)tosth.It'sdifficult(foryou)____________(learn)Englishwell.It's+adj.+ofsb.tosth.It'skindofyou__________(listen)tomecarefullyinclass.tolearntolisten(形容事物的性质)(形容人的性质)2.不定式短语作独立成分，通常位于句首，有时位于句中或句尾，需要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。_____________，Iknownothingaboutit.说实话，我对那件事一无所知。常见的这类短语有：totellthetruth/tobehonest/tobefrank，tobeexact，tobeginwith。Tobehonest3.不定式作结果状语时，常和enough,only，so+adj./adv.+as连用，如下。1.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough_______(cool)thehouseduringthehotday.(2015全国卷II）2.Herantothestationonly_________(find)thetrainhadleft.他跑到火车站却发现火车已开走。3.Hewassoangryas______________(speak).他生气到不想讲话。tofindnottospeaktocool4.只能接动词不定式做宾语的动词decide\determine,learn,want,expect\hope\wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,planagree,ask\beg,helpseem,attempt,fail,happen,afford,strivemakeupone’smindto,bedeterminedtowouldlike/loveto=shouldlike/loveto决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。6.省略to的情况①使役动词和感观动词后：一感二听三让四看feel,hear/listento,let/make/have,lookat/see/watch/notice感观动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel+todo表示动作的完整性+doing表示动作的进行性注意：被动语态中不能省略to5.接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词ask,tell,want,invite,expect,encourage,advise,promise,warn,allow,remind,②某些固定搭配③在cannot(help)but，cannotchoosebut/can’tdoanythingbut之后接不带to的不定式。hadbetterdosth.最好做某事whynot/whydon'tyoudosth.做某事怎样helpsb.dosth.帮助某人做某事wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某事wouldyoupleasedosth.请做某事好吗Icannot(help)butwaitforhim.Ican’tdoanythingbutwaitforhim.Ihavenochoicebuttowait.but,except前有实义动词“do”时，后可跟不带to的不定式。如无“do”，则要带。即有do无to，无do有to.V-ing的句法功能主语_______________________(打篮球)ishisfavoritesport.宾语Heenjoys___________________(打篮球).表语Whathehatedmostwas___________________(无所事事).定语Allthepeople______________(watch)laughed.宾补Wecanseesteam___________(rise)fromthewetclothes.状语Marystoodattheschoolgate_______(wait)forBetty.PlayingbasketballplayingbasketballdoingnothingwatchingrisingwaitingV-ing的特殊用法1.动名词的复合结构“物主代词（或名词的所有格）+动名词”。如：_____________________madehermotherangry.汤姆很晚回家，使得她妈妈很生气。Wouldyoumind______________________?你介不介意我开窗？Tom’sgoinghomelatemyopeningthewindow2．后面常接动名词的动词和短语mind,enjoy,finish,consider,practise,imagine,keep,suggest,advise,allow,permit,forbid,appreciate,standto后：beusedto习惯berelatedto与……有关getdownto着手做contributeto贡献putone’smindto全神贯注于giveriseto引起beequalto胜任devoteoneselfto献身于leadto导致beopposedto反对lookforwardto盼望objectto反对stickto坚持payattentionto注意其他短语：beworth,bebusy,can'thelp,succeedin,referto,setabout,havedifficultyin3.常用动名词做主语的句式Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.4.常用doing的结构Generallyspeaking一般来说Considering….考虑到，鉴于Time/weatherpermitting时间、天气允许的话Taking…intoaccount/consideration考虑到Judingfrom/by…根据…判断todo&doing区别1.作主语、表语、宾语时的区别。一般说来，表示一个比较抽象或泛指的动作时多用-ing形式。表示一个具体某一次的动作时，多用动词不定式。Ilikerunning.Iliketorunnow.2.作定语的区别。-ing形式作定语用时，其动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生，而动词不定式作定语时，其动作一般发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之后。ThegirlwritingalettertherecanspeakEnglishverywell.Ihavethreeletterstowrite.3.作宾语补足语时的区别。（1）不定式作宾补时，其动作一般发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，如：Ihavetoldthemtocomeagaintomorrow.（2）在see,watch,hear,feel等之后，如果用-ing形式作宾补，表示其动作正在进行中，而用不带to的不定式作宾补时，不定式所表示的动作是一个动作的过程，如：Ihearhersingingintheroom.Ihearhersingintheroom.4.作状语的区别。-ing形式在句作状语表示时间、原因、方式或伴随情况，而动词不定式一般式在句中作状语时，一般是作目的或结果状语.Notreceivinghisletter,Iwrotetohimagain.Ilookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.5.既可加todo,又可加doing①begin/start/continuea)谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing;b)begin,start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式todo;c)在attempt,intend,begin,start后接know,understand,realize这类动词时，常用不定式todo。Ibegintounderstandthetruth。d)事物作主语时Thesnowbegantomelt.②like/love/hate/prefer/learn③remember/forget/regretremembertodo记得去做某事，rememberdoing记得做过某事;forgettodo忘记要去做某事，forgetdoing忘记做过某事;regrettodo对将要做的事遗憾，regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。④try/mean/stop/goontrytodo努力，企图做某事trydoing试验，试着做某事meantodo打算、想meandoing意味着stoptodo停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事goontodo做了一件事后，接着做另一件事goondoing继续做原来做的事。V-ed形式主动被动一般式doneV-ing形式主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone功能1．作表语2．作定语3．作宾语补足语4．作状语分词作表语•surprising,surprisedTheresultwas___________.T