电力系统稳定度与控制

1:NSC90-2213-E-149-002-::90/8/1~91/7/31:EMTPAbstract--ThisprojectproposesaPMU-basedprotectionschemeforbothtransposedanduntransposedparalleltransmissionlines.Thedevelopmentoftheschemeisbasedonthedistributedlinemodelandthesynchronizedvoltageandcurrentphasormeasurementsatbothendsoflines.Bymeansofeigenvalue/eigenvectortheorytodecouplethemutualcouplingeffectsbetweenparallellines,thefaultdetectionandlocationindicesarederived.Thetwoproposedindicesareusedincoordinationsuchthattheinternalandexternalfaulteventscanbedistinguishedcorrectly.Byon-lineestimatingthelineparameters,theproposedschemewillrespondmoreaccuratelytopowersystemfaults.Basedontheconceptsofstatisticsandoptimization,anelaborateandsubtlethresholdsettingsetoftheproposedfaultdetection/locationindicesisselectedunderequallytakingthereliability,securityandspeedoftherelayingschemeintoconsideration.TheeffectsoftheperformanceofCT,CVT,andcommunicationchannelonthedesignedrelayarealsoincluded.ExtensivesimulationresultsusingEMTPhaveverifiedthattheproposedprotectionsystemrespondswellandfastwithregardtodependabilityandsecurity.Theresultsshowthattheperformanceoftheproposedschemeisalmostindependentofvarioussystemandfaultconditions.I.…[1]-[4][2]-[4]A.G.Jongepier[2]/Y.Liao[4][5]-[6][5][7]-[9]IEEE[10][11]-[14]EMTPII.A.//[13]-[14]ClarkeL:[][]{}[]L)i,i(2)i(M)i(NlnL)i,i(2)i(B)i(E)i(C)i(AlnDiΓ=Γ--=i=1,2,3(1)2G(i,i)A(i),B(i),C(i)E(i):[])i(I)i,i(Z)i(V21)i(ARmCRm-=(2-1)[])i(I)i,i(Z)i(V21)i(BRmCRm+=(2-2)[][])i(I)i,i(Z)i(VL)i,i(exp21)i(CSmCSm-Γ=(2-3)[][])i(I)i,i(Z)i(VL)i,i(exp21)i(ESmCSm+Γ-=(2-4)⎩⎨⎧-=-=)i(B)i(E)i(M)i(C)i(A)i(N(3)ZC(i,i)VRm,VSm,IRm,ISm1)|M||N||M|2)|D|01|D|01|D|01B.PMUClarke[15]:[]⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡-------=20001113001113001100201100131100131161T(4)(1)1*a11~45~60113~634561(4)/[15]1(4)11(4)(4)1C.…3:⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡RRSSIVW|VU|TIV(5)T,U,VWIII.A.1PMUB.:1.2.3.(1)(3)|M||D|4.5.|M||D|016.7.IV.EMTPA.2(1):-20(2):T3T4T1T2EMTPLINECONSTANTS[16]B.EMTP3C.T1234D.CTCVTCTCVT1.PMU2.43.T11)CTT150kmCT4CT5-(a)(b)CT01CT2)CVT6’A’B95kmCVT7-(a)(b)CVT[0,1]3)T3T41208-(a)(b)|M||D|(0,1)2FaultTypesFaultLocationsa-gb-c-gc-a-sa-b-c-g0.01(p.u.)0.05(p.u.)0.1(p.u.)0.2(p.u.)0.3(p.u.)0.4(p.u.)0.5(p.u.)0.6(p.u.)0.7(p.u.)0.8(p.u.)0.9(p.u.)0.95(p.u.)9.64(ms)7.55(ms)7.55(ms)7.81(ms)7.55(ms)7.55(ms)7.29(ms)7.29(ms)7.03(ms)7.03(ms)6.77(ms)6.51(ms)7.81(ms)8.33(ms)6.77(ms)5.21(ms)4.17(ms)4.17(ms)3.65(ms)4.17(ms)4.69(ms)4.17(ms)4.17(ms)3.65(ms)8.85(ms)5.21(ms)5.21(ms)8.85(ms)4.17(ms)4.17(ms)4.17(ms)5.21(ms)5.21(ms)4.17(ms)4.69(ms)3.65(ms)7.29(ms)7.81(ms)6.77(ms)5.73(ms)4.17(ms)4.17(ms)3.65(ms)4.69(ms)4.17(ms)4.17(ms)4.17(ms)3.65(ms)Average7.46(ms)5.08(ms)5.30(ms)5.04(ms)StandardDeviation0.78(ms)1.63(ms)1.74(ms)1.48(ms)3FaultFaultResistanceTypes1(W)10(W)100(W)1k(W)c-gb-c-ga-b-c-g2.86(ms)5.21(ms)5.73(ms)2.86(ms)5.21(ms)5.73(ms)3.13(ms)5.21(ms)5.73(ms)10.94(ms)5.21(ms)5.73(ms)4FaultFaultInceptionAngleTypes0(degree)90(degrees)180(degrees)270(degrees)a-gc-a-sa-b-c-g6.51(ms)3.65(ms)3.65(ms)6.77(ms)5.21(ms)5.47(ms)6.51(ms)4.17(ms)3.39(ms)6.77(ms)5.21(ms)5.47(ms)4.CT5.CT56.CVT’A’7.CVT8.|M||D|V.A.()[10]PMU(Mbit/sec)[7-8][17](PMU)48bytes100kbit/sec0102030405060024Mode3Std:standarddeviationno.ofpost-faultsampleStdofD.9(1)Dependability(%)theactualstandarddeviationofD10-210-11009698100(2)theactualstandarddeviationofDSecurity(%)10-210-1100809010010.48bytes/100kbit/sec=3.84msec()B.|D||D||D|9|D|2/310-(1)(2)|D|(0.2416,0.0237)DthDthDth,mode3=0.0291Dth,mode4=0.02956VI.EMTPCTCVTCTCVT:ABBSELALSTOMPMUPMUVII.[1]M.M.EissaandO.P.Malik,“ANewDigitalDirectionalTransverseDifferentialCurrentProtectionTechnique”,IEEETrans.onPowerDelivery,vol.11,no.3,July1996,pp.1285-1291.[2]A.G.JongepierandL.vanderSluis,“AdaptiveDistanceProtectionofDouble-CircuitLinesusingArtificialNeuralNetworks”,IEEETrans.onPowerDelivery,vol.12,no.1,January1997,pp.97-105.[3]P.G.McLaren,I.Fernando,H.Liu,E.DirksandG.W.Swift,“EnhancedDoubleCircuitLineProtection”,IEEETrans.onPowerDelivery,vol.12,no.3,July1997,pp.1100-1108.[4]Y.LiaoandS.Elangovan,“DigitalDistanceRelayingAlgorithmforFirst-ZoneProtectionforParallelTransmissionLines”,IEEProc.-Gener.Transm.Distri.,vol.145,no.5,September1998,pp.531-536.[5]M.H.J.Bollen,“Traveling-wave-basedprotectionofdouble-circuitlines”,IEEProceedings-C,vol.140,no.1,January1993,pp.37-47.[6]M.AkkeandJ.SThorp,“SomeImprovementsIntheThree-PhaseDifferentialEquationAlgorithmforFastTransmissionLineProtection”,IEEETrans.onPowerDelivery,vol.13,no.1,January1998,pp.66-72.[7]A.G.PhadkeandJ.S.Thorp,ComputerRelayingforPowerSystems,JohnWiley&Sons,NewYork,1988.[8]PowerEngineeringEducationCommitteeandthePowerSystemRelayingCommitteeoftheIEEEPowerEngineeringSociety,“AdvancementsinMicroprocessorBasedProtectionandCommunication”,IEEETutorialCourse,1997.[9]WorkingGroupH-7oftheRelayingChannelsSubcommitteeoftheIEEEPowerSystemRelayingCommittee,“SynchronizedSamplingandPhasorMeasurementsforRelayingandControl”,IEEETrans.onPowerDelivery,vol.9,no.1,January1994,pp.442-452.[10]WorkingGroupH-8ofRelayCommunicationsSubcommitteeoftheIEEEPowerSystemRelayingCommittee,“IEEEStandardforS