破解英语长难句[优质PPT]

如何读懂长难句？？？Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontoageneralrulesthatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareoneofthethingsweoverlearninthechildhood.英语和汉语像？不像？请翻译：1.我爱你。Iloveyou.2.我在心中爱你。Iloveyouinmyheart.英语和汉语像？不像？请翻译：1.我是个学生。Iamastudent.2.我是个高二的学生。IamastudentinSeniortwo.英语语法入门级规律主干部分：•汉语和英语基本一致•英语中有若干固定句型（如强调句/it做形式主语等句型）修饰成分：汉语多“前修”，而英语…•较短修饰成分放在被修饰词前面•较长修饰成分放在被修饰词后面把握英语句子，关键在于把握“较长修饰成分”1.介词短语2.从句3.非谓语动词英语中的三种较长修饰成分介词短语定义：从介词开始到名词结束，表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构结构：从介词开始到名词结束athome;intheschoolbeyondmywildestimaginationduringmyhappychildhoodoverthelastfewyears介词短语例句：AfterchattingwithLauraonthismatterfortwohoursfrom2:00to4:00intheafternoon,Ireturnedtomyoffice.介词短语例句：(Afterchatting)(withLaura)(onthismatter)(fortwohours)(from2:00)(to4:00)(intheafternoon),Ireturned(tomyoffice).从句定义：由引导词引导的主谓结构结构：引导词+主语+谓语+宾语，引导词：that/who/whom/why/when/where/which/how/if/although…从句【起始标识】从句一定从引导词开始（有时可省略），但有以下四种终止标识：1.到句尾终止：LiHuiisateacher(whoteachesEnglish).2.到逗号终止：(WhenIwasyoung),Ilistenedtotheradio.从句【起始标识】从句一定从引导词开始（有时可省略），但有以下四种终止标识：3.到下一修饰成分终止：IwillinviteYaoMing(whowasatopbasketballplayer)toBeijing.4.到下一个谓语动词终止：YaoMing(whowasatopbasketballplayer)isstudyinginShanghai.非谓语动词定义：非谓语动词是指动词在句子中“不是谓语”时的几种变化形式，即动词的非谓语形式，主要包括动词不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词/过去分词）•由非谓语开头的、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构叫做非谓语动词短•结构：非谓语动词+名词+副词非谓语动词【起始标识】非谓语动词一定从动词不定式(todo)；动名词(doing)；分词(现在分词doing/过去分词done)开始，同样有四种终止标识：1.到句尾终止：LiHuiisateacher(teachingEnglish).2.到句中的逗号终止：(ToimprovemyEnglish),Ioftenchatwithforeigners.非谓语动词【起始标识】非谓语动词一定从动词不定式(todo)；动名词(doing)；分词(现在分词doing/过去分词done)开始，同样有四种终止标识：3.到下一修饰成分终止：Jackwalkedin,(wavingconfidently)(totheaudience).4.到下一谓语动词终止：Thehouse(madeofwood)wasbuilt(tosheltertherefugees).(完型)Heworkedharderandranlongerthananyoftheothers—perhapshesensedthattheabilitiesthatseemedtocome_______tosomanyothersdidnotcomenaturallytohim.A.strangelyB.naturallyC.surprisinglyD.excitelyWhen…,heexplainedthathehadspentallhismoneyheaccidentlygotonawrongbusandnowwastryingtogohome.When…,heexplainedthathehadspentallhismoney_____heaccidentlygotonawrongbusandnowwastryingtogohome.Themanlookingathissmart-phonewhilewalkingacrosstherailwaycrossinginNanjing______(have)acloseknockonOct.2.Possibilitiesyouneverknewarewaitingforyou.______isresponsiblefortherapidreductionoffrogsisthatfarmersuseinsectcides(杀虫剂)tokillpestsandfrogsgetkilledasaresultofdrinkingpoisonedwater._______causeresponsiblefortherapidreductionoffrogsisthatfarmersuseinsectcidestokillpestsandfrogsgetkilledasaresultofdrinkingpoisonwater.如何读懂英语长难句？读懂英语长难句的关键在于：识破句子中的介短、从句、非谓语从句v.s.非谓语Thisisatiger(whichisrunningfast)(totheforest).Thisisatiger(whichischased)(byahunter).LiHuiisateacher(whoteachesEnglish).teaching例句1：LiHuiisateacherteachingEnglishinBeijingwhichisthecapitalofChina.例句2：（2012年北京卷长难句）Theywillbeabletoclearawaythemysteryofmathmaticsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.•注意：“and”是造成阅读理解句子变难的重要因素。（平行并列结构）比较状语从句例句3：（2012年新课标长难句）Themultiplicationtables(乘法口诀表)areanexceptiontoageneralrulesthatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareoneofthethingsweoverlearninthechildhood.that句子规律主干成分修饰成分基本句型汉英语序一致此外还有若干高级句型汉语中，修饰成分位于中心词之前英语中，较短修饰成分位于中心词之前，较长修饰成分位于中心词之后主谓宾主系表注：汉语中系动词常省略，如“我（感觉）热”注：therebe句型；it+be+adj.+forsbtodosth；强调句；倒装句；祈使句；感叹句等哪些短哪些长形容词副词介词短语从句非谓语动词关于“平行并列结构”定义：由“并列词”and/or/but/aswellas/notonly…butalso/both…and…/either…or…/neither…nor…等，“含义相似、结构相同”的并列项连接起来构成的结构。简记为“AandB”或“A,BandC”原则上，只要“含义相似，结构相同”的东西都能并列。读句子时要注意意识到是谁和谁并列。形容词并列：Mr.Smithisakind,patientandknowledgeableEnglishteacher.动词并列：WiththeInternet,peoplecannotonlyplaycomputergamesbutalsodoonlineshopping.副词并列：Youaresupposedtoanswerthefollowingquestionsquicklyandaccurately.介短并列：Andthatgovernment(ofthepeople),(bythepeople)and(forthepeople)shallnotperish(fromtheearth).从句并列：I’vefinishedreadingthebookwhichwaswrittenbyMoYanandwhichyoulentmelastmonth.非谓语动词并列：Singingandlaughing,weheadedtothepark.整句并列：Thechildrencangowithusortheycanstayathome.句子规律主干成分修饰成分基本句型汉英语序一致此外还有若干高级句型汉语中，修饰成分位于中心词之前英语中，较短修饰成分位于中心词之前，较长修饰成分位于中心词之后主谓宾主系表注：汉语中系动词常省略，如“我（感觉）热”注：therebe句型；it+be+adj.+forsbtodosth；强调句；倒装句；祈使句；感叹句等哪些短哪些长形容词副词介词短语从句非谓语动词三个步骤读懂长难句Step1【预处理】：给“三长”加括号，给“并列词”(and,or,but,aswellas等)加方框，给“并列项”(A…andB…)加三角•注1：先找B，后找A•A与B结构相同、含义相似•Iliketheboxyoupromisedtogivemeandtheflower(inyourhand).例句6：（2012年江苏卷难句）TheDepartmentofAgriculturehasprogramsaimedatdevelopingmorefarmersandatincreasinginterestinlocallygrownfood.语法填空1：Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman_______(sit)atthefront.He____________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.sittingwaspretending语法填空2：Ourmodernlifeischangingoureatinghabits.We__________(spend)toomuchtimeinfrontofTVorcomputersandbecoming“couchpotatoes”or“mousepotatoes”.arespending三个步骤读懂长难句Step1【预处理】：给“三长”加括号，给“并列词”(and,or,but,aswellas等)加方框，给“并列项”(A…andB…)加三角•注2：一旦出现下一修饰成分，就果断将上一修饰成分结束掉，不管上一修饰成分本身结束了没有。•Thenumberofcaloriesweneed_______(vary)dependingonwhatkindofbodywehave(areweshort,tall,heavyetc.)and______activeweare.三个步骤读懂长难句Step2【做直译】：一个括号一个括号地翻译•LiHuiisateacher(teachingEnglish)(inBeijing)(w