小学英语语法--形容词副词

第22期小六英语语法第1页腾飞辅导中心小学英语语法（第22期）第三讲形容词和副词NameMark★重点讲解一、形容词：形容词是用来修饰物体的形状、大小、长度、属性、特点的词。1．一般位于名词前，做“前置定语”。Ihaveabusyday.我忙了一天。Sheisafamousscientist.2．放在be动词的后面，被称为“系表结构”。如：Heisclever.Sheisbeautiful.3．当几个形容词或形容词和名词同时修饰一个名词时，必须按照正确的排列顺序，即：大小---形状---颜色---质地。如：abigyellowbananaawhiteroundstonebench4．表示国籍的几个形容词，还可以用作名词，但意义上有所区别。如：aChinese/JapaneseboyspeakChinese/Japanese5．形容词修饰不定代词something,anything等时，需要置于其后。如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Thereissomethingwrongwithyou.二、副词：是说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。1．副词的分类时间副词如：now,usually,often,always,sometime,yesterday等。地点副词如：here,there,everywhere等。（其前不能加介词，如：gothere/comehere）方式副词如：quietly,slowly，quickly,carefully等。（““怎样地”）程度副词如：very,much,quite（完全地，十分地）,too（太）等。2．副词的用法：主要用来修饰动词的。如：Heplaysbasketballwell.Hejumpshigh.腾飞辅导第22期小六英语语法第2页三、形容词、副词的等级：原级、比较级和最高级。1．原级的用法肯定句：主语+be动词+as+原级+as......，表示“和…一样，如：Surfingisasinterestingasswimming.否定句：主语+be动词+notso/as+原级+as......，表示“和…不一样，如：Surfingisnotso/asinterestingasswimming2．比较级：两个人或物体之间的相对比较。通常用在两个物体之间用than来连接。（1）句式结构:主语+be动词+比较级+than+......，如：EnglishismoreimportantthanJapanese,Ithink.（有than一定有比较级）Whichdoyoulikebetter,thisoneorthatone?（没有than也可以有比较级）（2）比较级的用法：①比较级and比较级，如：Hebecomesfatterandfatter.②moreandmore+原级“......越来越.....”，如：Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.③The+比较级…...,the+比较级…...“…越…,越…”Themore,thebetter.3．最高级：是三个或三个以上的物体之间的相互比较。（1）句式结构：主语+be动词+最高级......，如：Amyisthemostbeautifulgirlinmyclass.（形容词最高级前要有the）Herunsfastestintherunningmatch.（副词前最高级前的the省略）（2）最高级的用法：①(the)最高级+比较范围…Jimisthetallestinhisclass.Jimisthetallestofthethree.②最高级…,A,BorC?Whichisthefarthest,thetrainstation,thebusstationortheairport?③主语+be动词+oneofthe+最高级+名词复数Xi’anisoneoftheoldestcitiesinChina.★补充：比较级前可以有一个表示程度的词：如alittlerathermuchalotfarevenany等Heismuchbettertoday.Frankisevenstrongerthanhisfather.腾飞辅导第22期小六英语语法第3页四、形容词与副词的变化关系1．大多数副词是用形容词加后缀－ly构成的。Eg：quick--quicklyslow--slowlybrave--bravely2．以-y结尾的形容词，现将y改成i，再加-ly。Eg：happy-----happilyangry-----angrily3．有些副词与形容词形式相同。Eg：late,early,high,long,fast，friendly补充：good的副词是well,但是well也有形容词的意义，表示身体状况好，如：I‘mwell.貌似副词的形容词：friendly友好的；lovely可爱的五、形容词、副词比较级和最高级变化规则情况变化规则举例一般单音节词/少数多音节词直接在词尾加-er或-esttall-taller-tallestclean-cleaner–cleanestsmall-smaller-smallestclever-cleverer-clevereststrong-stronger-strongestlong-longer-longestyoung-younger-youngest以e结尾的单音节词加-r或-stlarge---larger–largestsafe–safer–safestlate---later---latestfine-–finer–finestwide-wider-widest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i再加-er或-estearly–earlier-earliest.easy-easier–easiestheavy-heavier-heaviesthappy–happier–happiestdry--drier--driest以重读闭音节单音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er或-esthot–hotter--hottestthin-–thinner--thinnestbig–bigger–biggestwet–wetter–wettestfat--fatter--fattest多音节和大部分双音节词在原级前加more/mostimportant--moreimportant--mostimportantbeautiful--morebeautiful--mostbeautifulinteresting--moreinteresting--mostinteresting不规则变化（重要，常考）原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/farthest/腾飞辅导第22期小六英语语法第4页★做中学一、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式1.long_____________________2.wide__________________________3.fat______________________4.strong________________________5.bright___________________6.young_________________________7.big_____________________8.easy_________________________9.kind_________________________10.small_________________________11.bad_________________________12.good_________________________13.heavy_________________________15.ill_________________________16.old_________________________二、用所给词的正确形式填空1.Ofthetwogirls,IfindLucythe___________(clever).2.Gold(黄金)is______(little)usefulthaniron(铁).3.Mysisteristwoyears_______(old)thanI.4.John’sparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_________(young)child.5.The_________(cheap)bagsarenotusuallytheworstones.6.Theboyisnotso______(interesting)ashisbrother.8.Dicksings_____(well),shesings_________(well)thanJohn,butMarysings________(well)inherclass.9.Shewillbemuch_________(happy)inhermewhouse.★过关训练一、选择填空1.Thelineis____thanthatone.A.morelongerB.notlongerC.muchlongerD.manymorelonger2.Thebookis____ofthetwo.A.thinnerB.thethinnerC.morethinnerD.thethinnest3.Shelooks_____thanshedoes.A.themoreolderB.veryolderC.mucholderD.moreolder4.Thegardenisbecoming______.A.morebeautifulandmoreB.morebeautifulandbeautifulC.moreandmorebeautifulD.morebeautifulandbeautifuler腾飞辅导第22期小六英语语法第5页5.Theycompeted（比赛）toseewhocouldwork_____.A.thefastestandbestB.thefasterandthebetterC.fastestandbetterD.fasterandbetter6.Thiskindofshirtlooks______andsells________.A.nice,wellB.nice,goodC.well,wellD.good,nice7.Tabletennisis______thanbasketballinChina.A.popularB.lesspopularC.morepopularD.mostpopular8.Thisyear,itdoesn’tsnowas______lastyear.A.morethanB.manyasC.muchasD.muchthan9.Ithinkitis_______cheaperand________interestingtotravelaroundthesmalltownonfootthanbytaxi.A.much;evenmoreB.more;moreC.more;muchmoreD.much;much10.Beijingisoneof__________inChina.A.thebiggestcitiesB.biggestcityC.abiggercityD.thebiggestcity二、翻译句子1．这本书跟那本书一样有趣。Thisbookis____________________________thatone.2．你游泳没有你弟弟好。Youcan’tswim__________________yourbrother.3．今天比昨天冷的多。Itis__________________today_