动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果的用法

1动词不定式做状语时表示目的和结果用法总结1.作目的状语:Icameheretoseeyou.Tostopthetrain,pulltheleverdownwards.目的状语还可以用如下表达法：肯定：toinorderto+动词原形soastoIcometoseeher.=Icomeinordertoseeher.=Icomesoastoseeher.thatsothat+主语+may/might+动词原形inorderthatIcomethatImayseeher.=IcomeinorderthatImayseeher.=IcomesothatImayseeher.否定：nottoinordernotto+动词原形soasnottothatsothat+主语+may/might+not+动词原形inorderthatHewentawaynottoseeme.=Hewentawayinordernottoseeme.=Hewentawaysoasnottoseeme.=Hewentawayinorderthathemightnotseeme.=Hewentawaythathemightnotseeme.=Hewentawaysothathemightnotseeme.inorderto,inorderthat和soasto,sothat的区别inorderto可以用在句首或句末，但soasto只能用在句末。如：Hegotupveryearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupveryearly.（此时不能用soasto）soasto和inorderto的汉语意思应该是一样的“为的是，为了”。它们的英语功能也是一样的，都可以用来引导目的状语。它们的不同之处就在于soasto不能用于句子的开头，在句子开头只能用inorderto.另外，1.inorderto一般用inorderthat加从句来替换；而soasto一般用sothat加从句来替换。inorderthat可以在句首，sothat和soasto一样不能在句首。2.当这两个短语后的不定式动词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致时，“inorderto,soasto+不定式”可以简化为“不定式”2Inordertogettoschoolontime,hegotupearlier.这个句子可以表达为下列几种方式：Inorderthathecouldgettoschoolontime,hegotupearlier.Hegotupearlierinordertogettoschoolontime.Hegotupearlierinorderthathecouldgettoschoolontime.Hegotupearliersoastogettoschoolontime.Hegotupearliersothathecouldgettoschoolontime.Togettoschoolontime,hegotupearlier.（这种不定式有时可以表示目的以外的状语）注意：不定式本身有自己的主语时，可用“for…to”来表示。如：Myfatherboughtanewbookformetoread.2.作结果状语:Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.WhathaveIdonetooffendyou?结果状语还可以用如下表达法：adjasto+动词原形so++(表示正面的结果，解释为“如此...以至于”)advthat+主语+can/could+动词原形adj=+enoughto+动词原形(表示正面的结果，解释为“如此...以至于”)advHestudiedsohardastopasstheexamination.=Hestudiedsohardthathecouldpasstheexamination.=Hestudiedhardenoughtopasstheexamination注意：enough与形容词或副词连用时，要置于形容词或副词之后。Thewateriswarmenoughforustoswim.Iwishyou’dwriteclearlyenoughforustoreadit.enough可置于名词前做修饰语，在正式语体中有时可以放在名词后。Haveyougotenoughroom/roomenoughtoseatallofus?adjadjtoo++to…=so++that+主语+cannot+动词原形advadvadj=not++enoughto+动词原形(表示反面的结果，解释为“太...以至不能”)advYouaretooyoungtolearntodrive.=Youaresoyoungthatyoucan’tlearntodrive.=Youarenotoldenoughtolearntodrive.3suchasto...和such...asto及suchthat…和such…that…的区别1.such有两种词性：名词性的不定代词和形容词。正是由于词性不同，所以在表示“如此...以致于”这种意思时就出现了两种不同的结构。suchasto...中的such属于不定代词，指代上文提到过的人或事物，意思是“这样的人/如此的事物”，如：Thecasehasbeensuchastoprovetrue.情况已经如此，以致于证明是真实的。Theiranxietywassuchasforthemnottobeabletosleep.他们如此焦虑，以致于难以入睡。2.such...asto...中的such属于形容词，需要放在名词前作定语，意思是“这样的/如此的...”，如：Wearenotsuchfoolsastobelievehim.我们不是那样的蠢人,以致于能够相信他。Shehadsuchafrightastofaint.她如此吃惊以致于吓得昏了过去。Suchasto和such...asto中，如果把不定式加上主语改为结果状语从句，就变成了suchthat...和such...that...。以下就是上面句子改写成的从句：Thecasehasbeensuchthatitcanprovetrue.情况已经如此，以致于（情况）证明是真实的。Theiranxietywassuchthattheycouldnotsleep.他们如此焦虑，以致于(他们)难以入睡。Wearenotsuchfoolsthatwecanbelievehim.我们不是那样的蠢人,以致于(我们)能够相信他。Shehadsuchafrightthatshefainted.她如此吃惊以致于（她）吓得昏了过去。表示令人意外的结果用only+tofind/discover/realizeHeliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Theyqueuedforhoursattheboxofficeonlytodiscoverthattheshowwassoldout.