2015TreatmentofOdorbyaSeashellBiofilterat

FullTerms&Conditionsofaccessandusecanbefoundat=uawm20Downloadby:[172.77.116.100]Date:04October2015,At:11:11JournaloftheAir&WasteManagementAssociationISSN:1096-2247(Print)2162-2906(Online)Journalhomepage:(Mel)SuffetPhDTocitethisarticle:SamanthaAbrahamPhD,ScottJoslynPE&I.H.(Mel)SuffetPhD(2015):TreatmentofOdorbyaSeashellBiofilterataWastewaterTreatmentPlant,JournaloftheAir&WasteManagementAssociation,DOI:10.1080/10962247.2015.1075918Tolinktothisarticle::29Jul2015.SubmityourarticletothisjournalArticleviews:19ViewrelatedarticlesViewCrossmarkdataAcceptedManuscript68TreatmentofOdorbyaSeashellBiofilterataWastewaterTreatmentPlantSamanthaAbrahama,ScottJoslynb,I.H.(Mel)SuffetcaUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,DepartmentofEnvironmentalHealthSciencesFieldingSchoolofPublicHealth,640CharlesEYoungDriveSouth,LosAngeles,CA90024,UnitedStates,[phone],[e-mail]evadaCountySanitationDistrictNo.1,950MaiduAvenue,NevadaCity,CA95959,UnitedStates,[e-mail]a,LosAngeles,DepartmentofEnvironmentalHealthSciences,FieldingSchoolofPublicHealth,640CharlesEYoungDriveSouth,LosAngeles,CA90024,UnitedStates,[e-mail]mpoundsandhazardousvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arereleasedintotheenvironmentfromnaturalbiodegradationandanthropogenicsourcesincludingcomposting,sludgedrying,andwastewatertreatment(Higginsetal.2008,Jones,Martinez,andRizwan2005).Duetorecentpopulationgrowth,wastetreatmentfacilitiesareincloseproximitytopopulationcentersresultinginalargeincreaseinodornuisancecomplaintsfromthepublic(Curren2012,Hayes,Stevenson,andStuetz2014,Lebreroetal.2011,LesonandWiner1991,Muñozetal.2010).Asnoinstrumentcanproperlysimulatethehumannose,trainedpanelistscanconductsensorymeasurementsofnuisanceodors.Muñozetal.(2010)havereviewedrecentadvancesoftheairodorassessment,specificallytheuseoftheindividualodorcharacter,definedbyodorwheels,Downloadedby[172.77.116.100]at11:1104October2015AcceptedManuscript69ratherthantotalodor.Odorwheelshavebeendevelopedtocharacterizethetypesofodorpresentfromdifferentodoroussourcesincludingwastewatertreatment,composting,landfillsandmorerecently,urbanodors(SuffetandRosenfeld2007).Forthisstudy,theresearchersusedtheodorprofilemethod(OPM)withodorwheelstodefineindividualodorcharacters(Burlingame1999,Currenetal.2014,Suffetetal.2004)andtheintensityapproachusedbyCurrenetal.(2014)(e.g.rottenvegetable,intensity8andrancid,intensity6).OPMcanprovideinsightsintothepropertypeofchemicalanalysesneededtoidentifythecompoundsresponsibleforthetotalodor.Applicationofodorcontroltechnologiesisbestwithanunderstandingofthecompoundscomprisingthetotalodor.Inordertoimprovetheabilitytoassessodoremissionsintermsofcompositionandconcentration,gaschromatography-massspectroscopy(GC-MS)wasusedtocorroborategaschromatography-sensorydetection(GC-Sniff)(Wrightetal.2005).Additionally,theratioofachemicalconcentrationtoitsodorthresholdconcentrationwasusedtohelpdefineodornuisances,whichcanaidinthedevelopmentofodorcontrolstrategies.Traditionally,volatilecompoundsreleasedfromindustryandcommunitysourceshavebeentreatedby:activatedcarbon,incineration,andchemicalscrubbers(Iranpouretal.2005,LesonandWiner1991).Inthelastfewdecades,biofiltershavebecomeanincreasinglypopulartreatmentdeviceforodorouscompoundsandotherVOCs.Biofiltershavemanyadvantagesincludingloweroperatingcost,decreasedenergyconsumption,andreducedby-productpollution(Iranpouretal.2005,LesonandWiner1991).Abiofilterconsistsofabedofmediawithimmobilizedmicrobesthatbiodegradepollutantspassedthroughinanairstream.Thepollutantspartitionintothebiofilmwherethemicroorganisms,inamatrixofextrapolymericsubstances,Downloadedby[172.77.116.100]at11:1104October2015AcceptedManuscript70accessthepollutantsforbiodegradation.Themajorityofbiofiltersoperateaerobicallyanduseorganicmediasuchascompostorpeat(DelhomenieandHeitz2005).Biofiltersdesignedtotreathydrogensulfide(H2S)andotherreducedsulfidecompoundsareknowntoaccumulatesulfuricacidfrombiodegradation,resultinginapHdropinthefiltermediathatisoftenaccompaniedbyadecreaseintheremovalefficiencyofthebiofilter(CarlsonandLeiser1966,Jones,Martinez,andRizwan2005,Smetetal.1996).ThiobacillusthioparushasbeenshowntobiodegradeH2Stosulfuricacid(H2SO4)throughelementalsulfur.Ithasalsobeendemonstratedtobreakdowndimethyldisulfidetomethylmercaptan,thenH2S,andfinallytoH2SO4.Hyphomicrobiumspeciesareknowntobiodegradedimethylsulfidetomethylmercaptan,followedbyH2S,andeventuallytoH2SO4(DeBont,VanDijken,andHarder1981,Jones,Martinez,andRizwan2005,Oyarzunetal.2003,SmithandKelly1988).SystemsdegradingcompoundsotherthanH2ShavetypicallyexperiencedrapiddeclinesinefficiencywhenbelowneutralpH(Iranpouretal.2005).Thisisthoughttobeinpartbecausemanyofthemicroorganismsinvolvedin