ANAMMOX工艺在不同反应器配置中的稳定性的定量比较2008

QuantitativecomparisonofstabilityofANAMMOXprocessindifferentreactorconfigurationsRen-cunJina,Bao-lanHua,PingZhenga,*,MahmoodQaisara,An-huiHua,EjazulIslambaDepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029,PRChinabCollegeofEnvironmentandNaturalResources,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029,PRChinaReceived28November2006;receivedinrevisedform6April2007;accepted6April2007Availableonline25May2007AbstractAnewstabilityevaluatingsystemforANAMMOXcomprisingthreeinstabilityindicesi.e.coefficientofvariationratio,coefficientofrangeratioandcoefficientofregressionfunctionderivativewasestablished.Threelab-scaleANAMMOXreactorsvizupflowanaerobicsludgeblanket(UASB)reactor,upflowstationaryfixedfilm(USFF)reactorandanaerobicsequencingbatchreactor(ASBR)werecom-paredfortheirstabilitybasedontheestablishedcriterionagainstthehydraulicandsubstrateconcentrationshocks.TheresultsshowedthatallANAMMOXreactorsunderinvestigationweremoretoleranttothehydraulicshockthansubstrateconcentrationshock.TheUASBreactorwasthemoststablereactorconfigurationtowardssubstrateconcentrationshock,followedbytheUSFFreactorandASBR.However,theASBRprovedthemosttoleranttohydraulicshock,followedbytheUASBreactorandUSFFreactor.Intermsofstability,UASBreactorwasmoresuitableconfigurationcomparedwithUSFFreactor.TheinstabilityindicesprovedtobeeffectiveandexplicitfortheevaluationofANAMMOXsystems.2007ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Stability;ANAMMOX;USFFreactor;UASBreactor;ASBR1.IntroductionNitrogenremovalisoneofthemostdesirableaspectsofwastewatertreatmentatpresentandisusuallyperformedthroughsequentialnitrificationanddenitrificationpro-cesses.AmmoniumðNHþ4Þisoxidizedtonitrate(NO3Þfol-lowedbyareductionofNO3todinitrogen(N2).TheANAMMOXprocessisanovelandpromisingalternativetoconventionaldenitrificationsystemstoremovenitroge-nouscompoundsatlowercost(DongandTollner,2003;Pathaketal.,2006).Underanoxicconditions,NHþ4isoxi-dizedtoN2usingnitriteðNO2Þaselectronacceptorpro-ducingmeagreamountsofNO3(Eq.(1))(Strousetal.,1998),thussavingoxygenandorganicmattercomparedtosequentialnitrification/denitrificationprocess.TheANAMMOXwasdiscoveredinDelft,theNetherlands,andithasbeenobservedinotherplacesaswell(Eglietal.,2001;Pynaertetal.,2003;Schmidetal.,2003).ItiswellestablishedthatautotrophicbacteriabelongingtotheorderPlanctomycetalescarryoutANAMMOX(Strousetal.,1999).NHþ4þ1:32NO2þ0:066HCO3þ0:13Hþ¼1:02N2þ0:26NO3þ0:066CH2O0:5N0:15þ2:03H2Oð1ÞSince,themainlimitationinusingANAMMOXprocessisthelongerdoublingtimeofANAMMOXbacteriai.e.about11days(Strousetal.,1998),thereactorcarryingoutANAMMOXmustbecapableofholdingthebiomassefficiently.Theinvestigationonthreebioreactorsi.e.upflowanaerobicsludgeblanket(UASB)reactor,upflowstationaryfixedfilm(USFF)reactorandanaerobicsequencingbatchreactor(ASBR)isextensiveandtheseareassumedtobesuitablecandidatesforANAMMOX.0960-8524/$-seefrontmatter2007ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.018*Correspondingauthor.Fax:[phone].E-mailaddress:[e-mail](P.Zheng).Availableonlineat(2008)1603–1609ThesupportmaterialkeptinUSFFreactorpromotestheretentionofslowgrowingmicroorganisms(Furukawaetal.,2003).InUASBreactor,thesludgegranulationissuccessfulprocedureinaccumulatingbiomass(Lettinga,1995;SchmidtandAhring,1996),whileinSBR,theidealsettlementofsludgeishelpfultoholdANAMMOXorgan-isms(Dapenaetal.,2004;Strousetal.,1998).Stabilityisoneofthemostimportantindicesofbioreac-torperformanceastheapplicationofabioreactorhighlydependsuponitsstability.Therefore,toestablishthesta-bilityevaluationsystemfordifferentbioreactorsandcom-parisonoftheirstabilityisveryhandyandsignificant.Sofar,littleattentionhasbeenpaidtoinvestigatethestabilityofanaerobicsystems(FangandChui,1994;HenzeandHarremoes,1983;JawedandTare,1996;Perezetal.,1998).Mostoftheinformationonbioreactorstabilityintheliteratureisqualitativeandcannotprovideguidelinesforthedesignandoperationofabioreactor.Fluctuationsinsubstrateconcentrationandflowrateareoftenencoun-teredinfull-scalewastewatertreatmentplant.Therefore,itisnecessarytoinvestigatethetoleranceofdifferentbioreac-torsagainstsubstrateconcentrationandflowrateshocks.Theobjectiveofpresentstudywastosetupstabilityevaluatingsystemandquantitativeinvestigationofthesta-bilityoftypicalANAMMOXreactors,i.e.UASBreactor,USFFreactorandASBRsubjectedtovaryingsubstrateconcentrationandflowrateshocks.2.Methods2.1.SyntheticwastewaterAmmoniumandnitriteweresupplementedtomineralmediumasneededintheformofNaNO2and(NH4)2SO4,respectively.Thecompositionofthemineralmediumwas(g/l):KHCO31.25,NaH2PO4Æ2H2O0.029,CaCl2Æ2H2O0.3,MgSO4Æ7H2O0.2,FeSO40.00625,EDTA0.00625,and1.25ml/loftraceelementssolution.Thetraceelementsolutioncontained(g/l)(adaptedfromvandeGraffetal.(1996)):EDTA15,ZnSO4Æ7H2O0.43,CoCl2Æ6H2O0.24,MnCl2Æ4H2O0.99,CuSO4Æ5H2O0.25,NaMoO4Æ2H2O0.22,NiCl2Æ2H2O0.19,NaSeO4Æ10H2O0.21,H3BO40.014,andNaWO4Æ2H2O0.050.2.2.SeedingsludgeActivatedsludgetakenfromtheSibaomunicipalWWTP(WastewaterTreatmentPlant)inHangzhou,ChinaservedasinoculumfortheUASBreactor,USFFreacto