MBR在净水工艺中的膜污染特征及清洗黄霞

MBR黄霞1,莫罹2(1.清华大学环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100084;2.建设部城市水资源中心,北京100007):采用悬浮生长型和两种附着生长型膜生物反应器(MBR)处理微污染源水,考察了各种MBR的膜污染特征及清洗情况通过电镜观察污染膜表面,发现不同MBR的膜外表面污染特征不同,而膜内表面均无明显污染对污染膜进行物理和化学清洗试验表明,常规物理清洗可使滤饼层大部分脱落,但对膜过滤性能的恢复效果较差;碱洗对膜过滤性能的恢复作用显著,有机污染对膜阻力的/贡献0最大附着生长型MBR的污染膜表面粘性较大,常规物理清洗效果差,采用超声波清洗可使膜过滤性能恢复约30%,与超声波结合的化学清洗效果优于常规化学清洗对膜污染化学洗脱液成分的分析表明,MBR中的膜污染与混凝)微滤膜组合工艺(C-MF)相比,有机污染物含量较高,Ca元素含量较低,腐殖质组分略高两种工艺条件下洗脱液中溶解性有机污染物均以小分子有机物为主;与C-MF相比,MBR的膜污染洗脱液中大分子有机物增多,推测与反应器内微生物代谢产物的产生有关:MBR;给水处理;膜污染;清洗:TU991.24:A:1000-4602(2003)05-0008-05:/9850(082100200)CharacteristicsofMembraneFoulingandItsCleaninginMembraneBioreactorsforWaterPurificationHUANGXia1,MOLi2(1.StateKeyJointLabofESPC,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China;2.UrbanWaterResourcesCenter,MinistryofConstruction,Beijing100007,China)Abstract:SuspendedgrowthtypeandattachedgrowthtypeMembraneBioreactors(MBRs)wereusedtotreatmicro-pollutedsourcewater.Investigatedwasmadeonthecharacteristicsofmem-branefoulinganditscleaning.ThesurfaceoffouledmembranewasobservedbymeansofSEM,anditwasfoundthatthefoulingofexteriormembranesurfacevarieswithdifferenttypesofMBRandthein-teriormembranesurfacehasbeenlittlefouled.Physicalandchemicalcleaningwasusedtoeliminatemembranefouling.Theresultsshowedthattheconventionalphysicalcleaningisabletoremovemostofcakelayer,buthaslittleeffectonmembranepermeabilityrecovery.Alkalinecleaningiseffectivetore-coverthemembranepermeability,andorganicmatteristhemajorcomponentaffectingthemembranefouling.ThefouledmembranesurfaceofattachedgrowthtypeMBRismoresticky,andtheconven-tionalphysicalcleaninghaslittleeffect.Whereasultrasoniccleaningismoreeffectivetorecoverthemembranebyabout30%,andthecombinationofultrasonicwithchemicalcleaningismoreeffective#8#2003Vol.19CHINAWATER&WASTEWATERNo.5thantheconventionalchemicalcleaning.Bymakinganalysisonthecomponentofchemicalelutriate,itwasshowedthatthefoulantsinMBRarecharacterizedbycontainingmoreorganicfoulants,lesscon-tentofelementCa,andslightlymorehumicorganicmatters,ascomparedwiththatincoagulation-MFcombinationprocess(C-MF).MostofsolubleorganicfoulantsisoflowmolecularweightbothinMBRandC-MFprocess.IncomparisonwithC-MFprocess,thefoulantsinMBRhashighermolec-ularweight,anditwassupposedtoberelatedtomicrobialmetabolicproductsinMBR.Keywords:membranebioreactor;watertreatment;membranefouling;cleaningMBR,MBR,MBR,,,MBR1试验装置与方法111MBR[1],0.1Lm,0.2m2MBR,,15min2.5min,(PAC)MBR4-MBR(10%,)PAC-MBR(PAC2000mg/L)20,,112,,(HITACHI,S-570)113,[1]MBR)(C-MF),,(MBR),114K=J/P()(K/K0),K02结果与讨论211MBR-MBRPAC-MBR121,MBR,,,PACMBRMBR,MBR-MBR,,PAC-MBR,;,,PAC,,X(FSEM-EDS),,Ca,Mg,CaCO3#9#2003Vol.19No.51MBR(/:2000/200)2MBR(/:2000/200)2,MBR,-MBRPAC-MBR,C-MFMBR,,21221211MBR:,SEM(3)3,(),[3(a)]MBR,,()3(a),[3(b)],,,,()[3(c)],(4)4,,5%,,,#10#2003Vol.19No.53MBRSEM(/:2000/200)4MBR21212-MBR-MBR,,,:,(5min);,(30min)55-MBR5,,,30%,,,,10%~15%21213PAC-MBR,(120min)yyyPAC-MBR66PAC-MBRK/K030%,,#11#2003Vol.19No.5()(2h),20%,,,213,MBR,()(1),1TOC(mg/m2)1285.9124.12UV254(1/m2)17.1680.348Ca2+(mg/m2)106.727009.3Mg2+(mg/m2)722.11021.96Fe3+(mg/m2)26.97160.95Al3+(mg/m2)30.1618.561,,[1],CaMBRC-MF[1]C-MF,MBR,MBR;Ca,,C-MFpH7,(TOC),C-MF(7)7MBRC-MF7,,1000uC-MF,MBR,3结论¹MBR,MBR,MBRMBRºMBR,,;,/0»MBR,30%,¼MBRC-MF,,Ca,,MBRC-MF,:[1],,,.)[J].,2002,22(3):258-262.:(1963-),,,,,:[phone]E-mail:[e-mail]@tsinghua.edu.cn:2002-12-29#12#2003Vol.19No.5