TiO2的溶胶凝胶过程研究

CharlesDickensCharlesDickens(1812—1870)ThegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealismHisLifePortsmouth,Hampshire9,PoorquarterFamilyindebtprisonfordebt12,blackingFactory(鞋油作坊).happiesttimeHisLiferestartedschoolingalawyer’soffice15shorthandtheBritishMuseumLibraryparliamentaryreporterwritingcareerHisLifein1836SketchesbyBoz《博兹特写集》marriedarticlesforhumorouspicturespopularWorkedwithoutrestBuriedatWestminsterAbbey,Poet’sCornerPickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》diedat58MajorWorks15novels&anumberofshortstoriesamostcomplete&realisticpictureofEnglishsocietyofhisagethehighestachievementinthe19th-centuryEnglishnovelbehindthegloomypicturesofoppression&poverty,behindtheloudhumor&buffoonery,ishisgentleness,hisgenialmirth,&hissimplefaithinmankindMajorWorks1836—1841,firstperiod,Periodofyouthfuloptimist:fun,highspirit,naiveoptimismAtthisstageDickensbelievedthatalltheevilsofthecapitalistworldwouldberemediedifonlymentreatedeachotherwithkindliness,justice,andsympatheticunderstanding.Dickensthoughtthatthewholesocialquestionwouldbesolvedifonlyeveryemployerreformedhimselfaccordingtothemodelsetbythebenevolentgentlemeninhisnovels.Thisnaiveoptimismischaracteristicofthepetty-bourgeoishumanitariansofhistime.MajorWorks1)SketchesbyBoz«博兹特写集»,thefirstbook2)ThePickwickPapers«匹克威克外传»3.OliverTwist«奥克佛·特维斯特»，《雾都孤儿》4.NicholsNickleby«尼古拉斯·尼克尔贝»5.TheOldCuriosityShop«老古玩店»6.BarnabyRudge巴纳比·拉奇MajorWorks1842-1850,Thesecondperiod--Periodofexcitement,irritationandfrustration:exposingthecorruptinginfluenceofwealthandpower,optimismturnedintodissatisfactionandirritationDickens'ssecondperiodbeganfrom1842,theyearafterhisfirstvisittoAmerica.Beforethevisit,DickensthoughtoftheUnitedStatesasaworldinwhichtherewerenoclassdivisionsandhumanrelationswerehumanitarian.Butwhatimpressedhimmostduringhisvisittherewastheruleofthedollarandtheenormouslycorruptiveinfluenceofwealthandpower.Dickens'snaiveoptimismtowardthecapitalistsocietywasprofoundlyshaken.MajorWorks1)AmericanNotes«美国札记»2)MartinChuzzlewit«马丁·朱述尔维特»3)AChristmasCarol《圣诞颂歌》4)TheChimes《教堂钟声》5)TheCricketontheHearth《灶上蟋蟀》(以圣诞为题材,具有浓郁宗教色彩。)MajorWorks6)DombeyandSon«董贝父子»7)DavidCopperfield«大卫·科波菲尔»,themostautobiographical,oneofthegreatestEnglishnovelsMajorWorksThethirdperiod,aPeriodofsteadilyintensifyingpessimism,showingunderlyingtoneofbitterness,lossofhopeforEnglishbourgeoissocietyInhisnovelsofthisperiod,Dickens,consciouslyandsubconsciously,showshimselfmoreandmoreatoddswithbourgeoissociety.MajorWorks1)BleakHouse«荒凉山庄»2)HardTimes«艰难时世»3)LittleDorrit«小杜丽»4)ATaleofTwoCities«双城记»5)GreatExpectations«远大前程»;6)OurMutualFriend«我们的共同朋友»7)EdwinDrood(unfinished)«艾德温·德鲁德之迷».CharacteristicsofDickens’LifeAmanofactionandbusinessintheworld,astudentandwriterofbooksThebestshorthandreporterontheLondonpressThebestamateuractoronthestageAsuccessfulperiodicaleditorRadicalinpoliticsandideologyConcernedaboutsocialproblemsFaithfultothepeople,pessimistictocapitalistsociety,theexpressionoftheconscienceofhisageHisLiteraryCreation&LiteraryAchievementsHislaterworksshowahighlyconsciousmodernartist.Thesettingsaremorecomplicated;thestoriesarebetterstructured.Mostnovelsofthisperiodpresentasharpercriticismofsocialevils&moralsoftheVictorianEngland,forexample,BleakHouse,HardTimes,GreatExpectations&soon.Theearlyoptimismcouldnomorebefound.AnalysisofSomeMajorNovelsThePickwickPapersOliverTwistMartinChuzzlewitDombeyandSonDavidCooperfieldHardTimesATaleofTwoCitiesFeaturesofThePickwickPapersTheworkthatfirstmadeDickensfamousasapopularwriterofnovelsFormlessplotwithmanycomicalepisodesThestoryevolvesroundtheadventuresofMr.PickwickThenovelisfullofyouthfulexuberance“thesupremeepicofEnglishlife”Thenovelexposesmanyscenesofsocialproblems,itisdominatednotbysatirebuthumour.FeaturesofThePickwickPapersGayandmerryaretheheartsofthePickwickiansThenovelisfullofnaïve,youthfuloptimism,thejoyofliving,andthelightnessofheart.Itisacomprehensivepictureofearly19th-centuryEngland,affordingawholegalleryofvividportraitsofthepeopleofallstrataMr.PickwickandSamWeller:apairof19th-centuryEnglishQuixoteandSanchoPanzaFeaturesofThePickwickPapersThenovelshowsmanyofthefeaturesofDickens’snovelwriting:anencyclopedicknowledgeofLondon,inexhaustiblepowersofcharacterimpulseandahighlyindividualandinventiveprosestyleItestablishedDickensovernightasapopularnovelistandbecameoneofthebestknownnovelsintheworld.OliverTwistApowerfulexposureofbourgeoissocietyOneofthebestworksofDickensItspublicationbroughtaboutsomebetteringofconditionsintheEnglishworkhousesduringtheauthor’sdayPlotofOliverTwistOliver’sbirth:ofunknownparentageMaltreatedbyBumble,theparishbeadleInLondon,hefallsintothehandsofagangofthievesRescuedbyMr.BrownlowKidnappedbythethievesWoundedinaburglingexpedition,rescuedbyMrs.MaylieandRoseAdoptedbyMr.Brownlow.Ahappyending.CharacteristicsofthenovelThenovelexposestheinhumanityofcitylifeundercapitalism.Itshowstheextremebrutalityandcorruptionoftheoppressorsandtheiragentsandthehelplesssufferingsofthepoorandoppressed.Oliveristheonlyonewhoemergeshappyan