贝藻混养对大西洋鲑养殖废水的生物滤除

32/2016/40/1贝藻混养对大西洋鲑养殖废水的生物滤除马晓娜1,2,李甍3,孙国祥1,王顺奎4,于凯松4,刘鹰1,5(1.,266071;2.,100049;3.,266003;4.,264003;5.,266071)摘要:养殖废水的综合利用与无公害化处理排放是实现水产养殖业健康可持续发展的重要保障。作者采用太平洋牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)及龙须菜(Gracilarialemaneiformis)混养和单养的方式处理大西洋鲑工业化循环水养殖系统排放的废水,设置贝类组、藻类组、贝藻组3组处理,探讨了贝藻混养方式和贝类、藻类单养对废水中主要水质因子(N、P营养盐、化学需氧量(COD)和总悬浮颗粒物(TSS))的处理效率,实验周期为30d。结果表明,牡蛎和龙须菜混养的方式处理养殖废水效果较好,其对氮、磷营养盐、COD及TSS的去除效率分别为:总氨态氮41.67%±8.82%、硝酸盐氮33.96%±0.34%、总磷7.18%±0.03%、COD78.87%±1.82%和TSS70.50%±1.65%,而亚硝酸盐氮出现一定的积累。综合分析,牡蛎和龙须菜混养的方式处理养殖废水的效率优于牡蛎和龙须菜的单独处理。关键词:大西洋鲑(Salmosalar);工业化循环水养殖;养殖废水;贝藻混养;废水处理中图分类号:Q935文献标识码:A文章编号:1000-3096(2016)01-0032-08doi:10.11759//hykx20150322002,70%[1],,,1kg1~20m3[2],,,,[3],,[4],,,,[5][6][7-8],,,,,,,,--[9],,[10]4((Enteromorphaprolifra)(Ulvalactuca)(Gracilariachorda)(Gracilariaasiatica)(Haliotisdiscus),[11],(Ulvapertusavar)(Salmosalar),,,,:2015-03-22;:2015-04-30:(2011BAD13B04);(31472312,41306152,31402283);(13-CX-16)[Foundation:NationalKeyTechnologiesR&DProgram(2011BAD13B04);NationalNaturalScienceFundofChina(31472312,41306152,31402283);QingdaoInnovationTalentsProgram(13-CX-16)]:(1991-),,,,,:0532-82898031,E-mail:[e-mail];,,,E-mail:[e-mail]/Vol.40,No.1/2016331材料与方法1.1实验材料,30d(Crassostreagigas)(Gracilarialemaneiformis),,8.5cm±1.1cm,77g±13g,,,1,755cm×45cm×28.5cm,50L,91.2实验方法1.2.1,,3,3,A,7~8,545g±7g;B,7~8,545g±8g,75g±5g,1.5g/L;C,75g±3g,15~17℃,28,(DO)6.50~7.50mg/L,pH7.6~7.7,(COD)1.5~2.0mg/L,(TAN)1.5~2.0mg/L,(NO2–-N)0.10~0.15mg/L,(NO3–-N)2.3~2.6mg/L,(TP)0.2~0.3mg/L,20cm±1cm(5,)1.2.2(TSS),NPCOD1,7d;TSS1,24h:1(500mL),,2,,,,;1[12],:;:;:;:;:;:[12];:--[13](YSIDO200,JC01540),(η):η=(Co–CG)⁄Co×100,,Co;CG1.2.3,,,1.2.4±,SPSS19.0(one-wayANOVA),LSD(P0.05)2结果2.1贝类组、贝藻混养组和藻类组对大西洋鲑养殖废水总悬浮颗粒物的处理效果124h3TSS,13124hFig.1ComparisonofTSSremovalratebyCrassostreagigas,Crassostreagigas,andGracilaria,Gracilaria(P0.05),(P0.01),Differentlowercaselettersindicatesignificantdifferences(P0.05)amongvarioustreatments;differentuppercaselettersindicateverysignificantdifferences(P0.01)amongvarioustreatments.Thisisthesameinallfigures.34/2016/40/1TSS,,70.50%±1.65%;,47.55%±1.68%;,33.62%±4.21%3(P0.05)2.2贝类组、贝藻混养组、藻类组对大西洋鲑养殖废水营养盐的处理效果2.2.127d3(TAN),,,,3,2,,7d,42.37%±2.12%;,41.67%±8.82%;,14.83%±4.21%2Fig.2AmmonianitrogenremovalratebyCrassostreagigas,Crassostreagigas,andGracilaria,Gracilaria37d,,(P0.01),(P0.05)37dFig.3ComparisonofnutrientremovalratesbyCrassostreagigas,Crassostreagigas,andGracilaria,Gracilariaaftersevendays2.2.247d,33,,3,,,191.71%±3.65%;94.20%±12.55%,,67.39%±5.75%3(P0.05),34Fig.4NitriteremovalratebyCrassostreagigas,Crassostreagigas,andGracilaria,GracilariaMarineSciences/Vol.40,No.1/2016352.2.357d,35,3,,,33.96%±0.34%;,26.69%±0.25%;,11.35%±0.03%(P0.05),(P0.05),35Fig.5NitriteremovalratebyCrassostreagigas,Crassostreagigas,andGracilaria,Gracilaria2.2.467d,3,7d,3,,6.46%±1.52%,9.86%±0.01%,7.18%±0.03%3(P0.05),32.3贝类组、贝藻混养组、藻类组对大西洋鲑养殖废水COD的处理效果77d,3COD,7d,3COD,8,6Fig.6TPremovalratebyCrassostreagigas,Crassostreagigas,andGracilaria,Gracilaria7CODFig.7CODremovalratebyCrassostreagigas,Crassostreagigas,andGracilaria,GracilariaCOD,78.87%±1.82%;,75.17%±3.41%;,68.11%±1.25%,COD(P0.05),(P0.05)2.4贝类组、贝藻混养组和藻类组处理大西洋鲑养殖废水中生物量变化情况17d3,,,3.63g±1.20g,1.5g±0.54g,36/2016/40/187dCODFig.8ComparisonofCODremovalratebyCrassostreagigas,Crassostreagigas,andGracilaria,Gracilariaaftersevendays,,,,(P0.05);,22.87g±2.53g,19.67g±1.45g,,,,(P0.05)3讨论,—,;;,,3.1养殖废水总悬浮颗粒物的处理效果Chen[14],,80%~90%30μm,,,,,,,Hatcher[15]UpperSouthCoven,,2Jones[9]--,88%[16]24h93%88%85%,,(P0.05),,;,,1.5Hatcher[15][16]3.2养殖废水营养盐的处理效果NP,表1贝类组、贝藻混养组、藻类组中生物量变化情况Tab.1BiomassvariationofCrassostreagigas,Crassostreagigas,andGracilaria,Gracilaria(g)543.83±7.84547.00±8.87(g)547.46±7.06548.50±6.62(g)75.00±5.3175.00±3.84(g)97.87±3.9794.67±2.89(g)3.63±1.20*1.5±0.54*(g)22.87±2.53*19.67±1.45*:*(P0.05)MarineSciences/Vol.40,No.1/201637,,,[17][18];,[19],,,,[16],[16],2g/L,24hPO43–-PNO2–-NNH4+-NNO3–-N:38.2%31.5%54.8%40.9%,24hPO43–-PNO2–-NNH4+-NNO3–-N62.6%55.7%46.0%56.6%Jones[9]--,,72%86%3,,TSS,,,,2d,(P0.05),40%,(P0.01)Zhou[20]:2.5g/L8d60%NH4+-N,,1.5g/L,[16],,3,,,,(P0.05),,,,,;[21],3,,,(P0.05),(P0.05)3,,,(P0.05),,350%,[16],,,1.5g/L,3.3养殖废水COD的处理效果(COD)[22],COD,,,[16],,COD6h24h,COD3.9%5.1%,COD,3COD,COD,,COD38/2016/40/14小结,TSSCOD,:,TSSNO3–-NCOD,70.50%±1.65%33.96%±0.34%78.87%±1.82%,TPTAN,7.18%±0.03%41.67%±8.82%,(P0.05),,,1.5g±0.54g,22.87g±2.53g,,,,:[1]FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNa-tions.FAOglobalaquacultureproductionvolumeandvaluestatisticsdatabaseupdatedto2012[EB/OL].[2]MartinsCIM,EdingEH,VerdegemMCJ,etal.NewdevelopmentsinrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsinEurope:Aperspectiveonenvironmentalsustainabil-ity[J].AquaculturalEngineering,2010,43(3):83-93.[3].2011[M].:,2011.MinistryofAgricultureofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,FisheriesBureau.Chinafisherystatisticsyearbookof2011[M].Beijing:ChinaAgriculturePress,2011.[4],.[J].,2002,26(6):31-34.LiHongshan,LiSongqiang.Preventionandcureofnutrohicationinculturedwater