不同温度条件下农作物秸秆产气效率研究

26220083AgriculturalResearchintheAridAreasVol.26No.2Mar.2008:2007208203;:2007210229:(05EFN217100423);(2006BAD17B01-01);(30700482):(1981),,,,E2mail:[e-mail]3:(1957),,,,,E2mail:[e-mail]1,3,2,33,1,3,2,3,2,3(1.,712100;2.,712100;3.,712100):,3,5,710152025303540;7,3,;40(2520.0mL,187.1mL/g,2100.0mL,195.0mL/g,2395.0mL,228.5mL/g),10(377.5mL,20.1mL/g,305.0mL,17.2mL/g,252.5mL,15.0mL/g):;;;:S216.4;X382:A:100027601(2008)02201902047t[1],,,,,,,[24],,[5],[6],[7],[8],,,,,,,5,710152025303540,3,11.11.1.150kg2cm,125L15kg10kg15d(1)1Table1TheC/NandTSof7fermentedmaterialsItemWheatstrawRicestrawCornstalkC/N302323TS(%)Beforefermented7.78.07.6:Note:TheC/NratioandTSwasdeterminedaftercompostmaturity.1.1.2,()125L30kg70kg,,15d,10.8%,,,0.967mg/(g3724h)1.2,315L,6,1000mL1000mL,8,21000W,(PC-1000),11.Temperature2controllingbox;2.Temperaturesensor;3.Heatingwire;4.Fermentor;5.Waterthermostatsystem;6.Biogas2collectingbottle;7.Measuringcylinder1Fig.1Controllableconstant2temperaturefermentingequipment1.38%,5L3000g(2)500g7101520253035402Table2ThequantityofmaterialsandwateroffermentingliquidMaterials(g)Materialsquantity(g)WaterquantityCompostedwheatstraw293565Compostedricestraw2840160Compostedcornstraw298515:M0=XimiXi+W,M0(%);Xi(g);mi(TS,%);W(g)1.4(1)(TS)::TS=AB100%,A(g);B(g)(2):(3):VS()C=0.47VS,(4):,,9(5):mL/g,:=AB,,A(mL);B(g)22.13,372345678234567403530252015,3,,,,20301[911],120301:4015,2520.02093.31926.71403.3745.0410.0mL;2100.01995.01746.71266.7875.0555.0mL;2395.02425.02289.31525.0402.5580.0mL3,,2015,31912:,,,,,,[911]810,3,377.5mL;305.0mL;252.5mL3,29126,,,3,,2.23,73(3):3,40187.1mL/g195.0mL/g,1020.1mL/g17.2mL/g40228.5mL/g,2014.1mL/g,2027d,:37(20),40353025,,201510,373Table3TherateofTSof3strawsat7differenttemperatureItem40353025201510(mL/g)RateofTSWheatstraw187.1188.0169.193.661.747.620.1Ricestraw195.0163.7138.7122.753.020.817.2Cornstraw228.5194.8174.6132.214.134.815.0FermentationperiodWheatstraw83888863868457Ricestraw88888887732650Cornstraw88888871276152,3,50d,(2015),,,pH,,[911]31)15d,101520253035402540,,1020,,3,,2),,,,:[1],.[J].,2004,(5):15.[2],,,.[J].,1999,17(4):1015.[3],,,..[J].,2001,19(3):7882.[4],,.[J].,2005,23(2):1118.[5],,,.[J].,2006,29(11):89.[6],,,.[J].,2005,16(2):68.[7],.[J].,2007,41(3):1114.[8],,,.[J].,2007,28(5):11531157.[9],,.[M].:,2005.115.[10].[M].:,2005.2985.[11].[M].:,2004.6777.(199)3912:StudyonsustainabledevelopmentofNingxiabasedontheecologicalfootprintanalysismethodDULing2tong1,2,3,GAOGui2ying1,2,3,ZHANGQian2jin2,3(1.KeyLaboratoryforRestorationandReconstructionofDegradedEcosysteminNorthwestChinaofMinistryofEducation,Yinchuan,Ningxia750021,China;2.ResearchCenterforWesternDevelopment,Yinchuan,Ningxia750021,China;3.InternationalJointResearchInstituteofNingxiaUniversity,China&ShimaneUniversity,Yinchuan,Ningxia750021,China)Abstract:Ecologicalfootprintanalysisisanewmethodformeasuringregionaleconomicsustainabledevel2opment.TheecologicalfootprintandecologicalcapacityofNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegionin1980,1985,1990,1995and19982005arecalculatedusingthismethod.Theresultsshowthattheecologicalfootprintpercapitaincreasedfrom0.61hm2to2.39hm2excepttheperiodof19901995inwhichitreduced.Thepasture,fossilenergylandandarablelandarethemainpartsofecologicalfootprint.Theecologicalcapacitypercapitaisreducedyearbyyearfrom1.22hm2to0.76hm2.Thearablelandandpasturearethemainpartsofecologicalcapacity.Before1995,theecologicalcapacitywashigherthantheecologicalfootprintandtheeconomicdevelop2mentwassustainable.But,theecologicaldeficitarosein1995.TheresultsshowthattheeconomicdevelopingmodelofNingxiaisnotsustainableafter1995.Keywords:ecologicalfootprints;ecologicalcapacity;sustainabledevelopment;ecologicaldeficit;Ningxia(193)ThebiogasproductionefficiencyofcropstrawsatdifferenttemperatureCHULi2li1,3,YANGGai2he2,3,ZHANGCui2li1,3,RENGuang2xin2,3,FENGYong2zhong2,3(1.CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi712100;2.CollegeofAgronomy,NorthwestA&FUniversity,Yangling,Shaanxi712100;3.ResearchCenterofRecycleAgriculturalEngineeringandTechnologyofShaanxiProvince,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China)Abstract:Theresearchadaptedcontrollableconstant2temperaturefermentedequipmentdesignedbyour2selves,andselectedwheatstraw,ricestrawandcornstrawforfermentedmaterials,chose5asastep2lengthanddidthestudyofbiogasfermentationatthetemperatureof10,15,20,25,30,35and40.Theresultsshowedthat3kindsofrawmaterialscanallproducebiogasnormallyat7temperaturegrades,thebiogasproductionefficiencyincreasedasthetemperatureincreased.Thebiogasproductionefficiencywasthebestat40(themaxvalueofwheatstrawbiogasproductionwas2520.0mL,therateofTSwas187.1mL/g;themaxvalueofricestrawbiogasproductionwas21000.0mL,therateofTSwas195.0mL/g;themaxvalueofcornstrawbiogasproductionwas2395.0mL,therateofTSwas228.5mL/g;),whilethebiogasproductionefficiencywastheworstat10(themaxvalueofwheatstrawbiogasproductionwas377.5mL,therateofTSwas20.1mL/g;themaxvalueofricestrawbiogasproductionwas305.0mL,therateofTSwas17.2mL/g;themaxvalueofcornstrawbiogasproductionwas252.5mL,therateofTSwas15.0mL/g;).Keywords: