不透水表面雨水径流污染物冲刷规律研究

4　9环境工程学报Vol.4,No.920109ChineseJournalofEnvironmentalEngineeringSep.2010王宝山　黄廷林　聂小保　柴蓓蓓(,710055)　　,,,。,SS、COD、TNTPR20.87、0.81、0.930.89,。SS、COD、TNTP0.77、0.66、0.920.74mm-1,TN,。SS、COD、TNTP,4mm,35%～40%,70%。,。　　　　　X501　　　A　　　1673-9108(2010)09-1950-05StudyonrainwaterpollutantwashoffrateinimpervioussurfaceWangBaoshan　HuangTinglin　NieXiaobao　ChaiBeibei(CollegeofEnvironmentalandMunicipalEngineering,Xi'anUniversityofArchitectureandTechnology,Xi'an710055,China)Abstract　Theeffectiverainfallintensitywasadoptedtosubstituterainfallintensityinwashoffrateequa-tion,solvingtheproblemoftimedifferencebetweenrainfallandpollutantwashoff,amathematicalmodelwaspresentedforsimulatingthequalityfromimpervioussurfacebasedoneffectiverainfallintensity.Basedonresultsobtainedfromroofsurfaces,theregressionsforSS,COD,TNandTPshowedthataveragecorrelationcoefficient(R2)was0.87,0.81,0.93and0.89,respectively.ThetransportcoefficientsforSS,COD,TNandTPwere0.77,0.66,0.92and0.74mm-1,respectively,thetransportcoefficientforTNwasslightlyhigherthanCOD,TPandSS.ForthefirstflushphenomenonwasfoundsignificantlyforCOD,SS,TNandTP,therainwaterpol-lutantswerereducedover70%whenthecollectionvolumeoffirstrunoffwas35%～40%oftotalrunoffvolume.Themodelcouldbeappliedtostudythepollutanttransportcoefficientsformimperioussurface,andwasexpectedtobeusefuldevelopmentofbestmanagementpracticeforrainwater.Keywords　pollutantwashoff;rainwaterrunoff;nonpointsourcepollution;mathematicalmodel:(IRT0853);(2008ZX07317-004):2009-09-04;:2009-10-27:(1979～),,,。E-mail:[e-mail]　　,,[1～3],,TSS、BOD、TNTP93%、78%、66%45%[4]。、3,,,,。,[5～7],,。,,,,,。9:1　1.1　,580.2mm,70%,2003～2008500,(0.1mm/min),4%,。,,[5,8]。,,。,,2.5%,15.5m,18.3m,283.65m2,,1。1　Fig.1　Diagramofstudysite1.2　,SS、COD、TNTP,《》(4)。,。1.3　,,[7,9]:　　　Wr=-dMdt=cRM(1)Wr———(mg/m2·min);c———(mm-1);R———(mm/min);M———(mg/m2);t———(min)。(1),,,,。,,(2):Ref=Q(t)A(2)Ref———(mm/min);Q(t)———t(L/min);A———(m2)。(2)(1):Wr=-dMdt=cRefM(3)(3)。(3):M=M0exp[-cAV(t)](4)M0———(mg/m2);V(t)———(L)。:V(t)A=Hef(5)Hef———(mm)。(4)(5):Wr=-dMdt=cM0Refexp[-cHef](6):C(t)=AWrQ(t)(7)C(t)———(mg/L)。(7)(6):C(t)=cM0exp[-cHef](8)(8)。,(8):ln[C(t)]=lncM0-cHef(9)(9),ln[C(t)]Hef,-c,lncM0,。195142　2.1　200853925,20094183。2。T,,ASCE[10]:T=6.94×L0.6×n0.6I0.4×S00.3(10)n———;S0———。32.7mm/h,T5.4min,,,5.4min。(10),,T,。2,ln[C(t)]Hef,SS、COD、TNTPR20.87、　0.81、0.930.89。Soonthornnonda,46.0hm2[7],R20.59。46.0hm260min,,,。2.2　2(9),,1。1,SS、COD、TNTP,,COD、TNTP,[11,12]。,SS,c,SS。TN,TN,,[13]。2　Fig.2　ResultsofpollutantwashoffrateforSS,COD,TNandTP19529:1　Table1　Summaryoftransportcoefficientforrainwaterpollutantsc(mm-1)R2±SS05/03/081.260.8430.77±0.4509/25/080.360.91804/18/090.70.842COD05/03/081.030.7860.66±0.3509/25/080.330.80204/18/090.620.842TN05/03/081.650.8520.92±0.6309/25/080.510.97704/18/090.60.96TP05/03/081.140.9150.74±0.3609/25/080.440.88804/18/090.640.8642.3　(Firstflushphenome-non),[14]。[15]:L=w(t)/W　F=v(t)/V(11)L———;F———。(6)(11):L=1-e-cHF1-e-cH(12)H———(mm)。(12),1,H=4mm,3。3　Fig.3　Firstflushphenomenonforrainwaterpollutants3,SS、COD、TNTP。20%50%48%、44%、53%、47%82%、79%、86%、81%,。Δ=L-F,Δ0,,Δmax。(11):Δ=1-e-cHF1-e-cH-F(13)Δ———。(13):2ΔF2=-c2H2e-cHF1-e-cH(14)c0,(14),ΔF,。c0,。Δc0,c,,2TN。ΔF=0,Δ,:F=lncH-ln(1-e-cH)cH(15)(15),SS、COD、TNTPF=0.38、0.40、0.360.38Δmax,L=0.72、0.70、0.750.72。35%～40%,70%。3　　,,,:(1),SS、COD、TNTPR20.87、0.81、0.930.89,。(2)TNSS、CODTP,SS,。(3)SS、COD、TNTP,4mm,35%～40%,70%。19534(4),。[1]HouseM.A.,EllisJ.B.,HerricksE.E.,etal.Urbandrainageimpactonreceivingwaterquality.WaterScienceandTechnology,1993,27(12):117～58[2]TsihrinztzisV.A.,HamidR.Modelingandmanagementofurbanstormwaterrunoffquality:Areview.WaterRe-sourcesManagement,1997,11(2):137～164[3]WǜstW.,KernU.,HerrmannR.Streetwash-offbehaviorofheavymetals,polyaromatichydrocarbonsandnitrophe-nols.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,1994,146/147(3):457～463[4]ChenJ.Y.,AdamsB.J.Analyticalurbanstormwaterquanlitymodelsbasedonpollutantbuildupandwashoffpro-cessed.JournalofEnvironmentalEngineering,2006,132(10):1314～1330[5]EgodawattaP.,GoonetillekeA.Modellingpollutantbuild-upandwash-offinurbanroadandroofsurfaces.31stHy-drologyandWaterResourcesSymposiumandthe4thInter-nationalConferenceonWaterResourcesandEnvironmentResearch,Adelaide,Australia,14～17April,2008[6]EgodawattaP.,ThmosE.,GoonetillekeA.Understandingthephysicalprocessesofpollutantbuild-upandwash-offonroofsurfaces.ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2009,407(6):1834～1841[7]SoonthornnondaP.,ChristensenE.R.,LiuY.,etal.Awashoffmodelforstormwaterpollutants.ScienceoftheTo-talEnvironment,2008,402(2～3):248～256[8]BannermanR.T.,OwensD.W.,DoddsR.B.,etal.SourcesofpollutantsinWisconsinstormwater.WaterSci-enceandTechnology,1993,28(3～5):241～259[9]EgodawattaP.,ThmosE.,GoonetillekeA.Mathematicalinterpretationofpollutantwash-offfromurbanroadsurfacesusingsimulatedrainfall.WaterResearch,2007,41(13):3025～3031[10]Joo-HyonK.,MasoudK.,MichaelK.S.Predictingtheexistenceofstormwaterfirstflushfromthetimeofconcen-tration.WaterResearch,2008,42(1～2):220～228[11]VazeJ.,ChiewF.H.S.Experimentalstudyofpollutantaccumulationonanurbanroadsurface.UrbanWater,2002,4(4):379～389[12]Osuc