英美国家概况教学大纲

英语国家概况复习TheRepublicofIrelandGeographyandHistory本章概论：1.爱尔兰共和国的地理特征---theEmeraldIsle---TheCentralLowland---bogs---theShannonRiver2.爱尔兰共和国的气候---mild,moistandchangeable---excessiverainfall3.爱尔兰共和国的人口和宗教---theGreatFamine---oneofthemostCatholiccountriesofEurope4.爱尔兰共和国历史---ThearrivalofSt.PatrickinAD4325.爱尔兰共和国的外交政策---neutralityandnonalignment1.简答题：WhyIrelandisalsocalledtheEmeraldIsle?-----IrelandisalsocalledtheEmeraldIslebecauseofitsrichgreencountryside.爱尔兰也因其乡村绿荫葱葱而被称为绿宝石岛第一部分：GeographicalFeatures1.识记要点：WhyIrelandhasbeengeographicallycomparedtoabasin？-----Irelandhasbeencomparedtoabasininwhichalimestoneplateauisrimmedbycoastalhighlands.2.识记要点：Thecentralplainareaischaracterizedbymanylakes,bogs(wetareas)andlowridges.Varietyisthemainfeatureofthelowlands.TheCentralLowlandistheheartofIreland.3.简答题：WhatisthelargestriverinIreland?Whyisitveryimportant?-----ThelargestriverinIrelandistheShannonRiver.ItisveryimportantbecauseitprovideselectricpowerformuchoftheRepublic.4.简答题：BogsremainthemostsignificantfeatureofIrishlandscape.第二部分：ClimateandWeather1.简答题：WhatarethecharacteristicsofIreland’sclimate?-----TheweatherofIrelandisdescribedas“mild,moistandchangeable.”2.识记要点：Irelandsuffersfromexcessiveratherthandeficientrainfall.3.识记：TheCentralLowlandistheareaofthelightestrainfallinIreland,withtwoareasthatreceivelessthan762mmperannum.4.识记要点：TheclimateoftheNortheastiscoolerthroughouttheyearthanintherestofthecountry.第三部分：PopulationandReligion1.简答题：Theyear1845,whentheGreatFaminebegan,markstheendofoneeraandthebeginningofanotherinthesocialhistoryofIreland.2.识记要点：TherearetwoofficiallanguagesinIreland.TheyareIrish(orGaelic)andEnglish.IrelandisoneofthemostCatholiccountriesofEurope.Today93%oftheIrishpopulationareRomanCatholics.TheAnglicanChurchofIrelandisthelargestnon-Catholicdenomination.第四部分：HistoricalBackground1.简答题：ThearrivalofSt.PatrickinAD432wasperhapsthemostimportanteventinIrishhistoryandtransformedtheislandintoacentreoflearningandChristianculture.2.选择题：HenryVIIIwasthefirstkingtobringallIrelandunderEnglishcontrol.3.识记：ThePenalLawsdeprivedCatholicsandDissentersofalllegalrights.4.识记：In1948,IrelandvoteditselfoutoftheCommonwealthandonApril18,1949declareditselfarepublic.AfreetradeareawiththeUnitedKingdomwasestablishedin1966.In1973theRepublicwasadmittedtotheEC.第五部分：ForeignPolicy1.简答题：SinceindependenceIrelandhasadheredtoapolicyofneutralityandnonalignment.2.识记：IrelandestablisheddiplomaticrelationswithChinaonJune22,1979.IrelandToday本章概述：1.爱尔兰共和国的政治概况2.爱尔兰共和国的经济2.爱尔兰共和国的教育和文化第一部分：PoliticalStructure1.简答题：Irelandisaparliamentaryrepublicandaunitarystateunderthe1937Constitution.2.识记：Theheadofstateisthepresident,electedbydirectsuffrageforatermofsevenyears.国家元首是总统，直接投票选举产生，任期七年。3.选择题：Thegovernment’sresponsibilitytotheDailiscollective.4.识记：Allthelegislativepowersarevestedinthenationalparliament.ThenationalparliamenthastwoHouses.TheyaretheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenate.TDsandSenatorsareelectedforfive-yearterms.第二部分：PoliticalParties1.识记要点：Irelandhasabipolarpoliticalpartysystemwithtwomajorparties:FiannaFailandFineGael.TheyarebothdescendedfromSinnFein.SinnFeinwassplitin1921.TheonlyothernationalpartyofsomesizeistheLaborParty.2.选择题：TheIrishLaborPartyistheoldestofallpartiesinIreland.第三部分：Theeconomy1.选择题：Irelandisafree-marketeconomywithadominantprivatesector.2.识记要点：IrelandisoneoftheleastdevelopedcountriesintheEC.Itssmalleconomyismarkedbyslowgrowth,highunemploymentandimbalancesinpublicfinance.3.论述题：WhatisthemostsignificantrecentdevelopmentinIrishagriculture?WhydowesaythemostsignificantrecentdevelopmentinIrishagriculturehasbeenmembershipintheEuropeanCommunity?-----ThemostsignificantrecentdevelopmentinIrishagriculturehasbeenmembershipintheEuropeanCommunity.ECmembershipenabledIrishfarmerstoparticipateintheCommunity’sCommonAgriculturalPolicy(CAP)andexporttheirproductstoawiderrangeofmarkets.4.选择题：IrelandisnowthelargestproducerofleadandzincconcentratesinEurope.5.简答题：*TurfisconsideredasasolidfuelinIreland.6.识记要点：Manufacturedgoodsaccountforabouttwo-thirdsoftotalexports.第四部分：Education1.选择题：Ireland’soldestuniversityistheUniversityofDublin,ofwhichTrinityCollegeisaconstituent.Itwasfoundedin1591.TheNationalUniversityisthenation’ssecondinstitutionofhigherlearning.第五部分：MediaandCulture1.TodaytheIrishTimesisthenation’smostinfluentialdaily.TheIrishIndependentisabest-sellingdaily.Some250magazinesarepublishedinIreland.2.简答题：IrishnewspapersareforbiddentorefertotheIrishRepublicanArmybecausetheIRAisanillegalorganizationinIreland.3.简答题：Themostwell-knownIrishwriterofthemodernperiodisJamesJoyce.UlyssesisJoyce’smasterpiece.ThenoveldescribestheeventsofonedayinthelivesofseveralpeopleinDublin,andexplorestheirsubconsciousminds.补充内容：WhatisthesignificanceofthePeaceAgreementonNorthernIrelandsignedon10thApril,1998?-----Anagreementwassignedon10thApril,1998byeightofNorthernIreland’stenpoliticalpartiesandbyrepresentativesoftheRepublicofIrelandandtheUnitedKingdomwhowerethecosponsorsofthetalks.Theagreementwouldcreateanewprovincialassemblyestablishingapower-sharingarrangementbetweenthemajorityProtes