超滤膜渗透通量法评价水质的研究

:1007-8924(2005)05-0005-05超滤膜渗透通量法评价水质的研究李连超李波洪波王保国*(,100084):提出了一种通过超滤膜水的渗透通量或渗透体积评价水质污染状态的新方法.从我国不同地区取来18种水质,包括井水河水海水湖水,并用固定超滤膜的超滤实验装置进行了测试,水渗透体积和水通量随时间的变化可以表征水样中污染物的含量,以此描述水质的差别.由串联阻力模型推导出的修正污染指数(MFI)数学关系并结合渗透体积和水通量的实验数据拟合出18种不同水质的MFI.结果表明,水渗透体积随时间渗透通量随时间及操作压力的变化与MFI值是一致的.并且从膜污染的理论上解释了超滤膜的实验结果.:水质评价;膜污染;超滤分离;超滤膜:TQ028.8:A:[1]..,2~100nm.,,,,[2].,,.SDI(),,.,,,,,,.SDI:1)100nm,SDI450nm,,;2)SDI,,;,.18,,,.1实验部分1.118,.;,.1.2RS50,PVDF,150kD.0006m2.3~5h,RO1h.:2004-03-18;:2004-11-04:(1963-),,,,.*,E-mail:[e-mail]255Vol.25No.5200510MEMBRANESCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYOct.20051.3,.,1.:V2V5,V5;V10.1MPa,,V4V5,V2V3,V3;NaClO,0.2MPa,V2V3,V4V5.1Fig.1Flowchartoflaboratoryscaled-ultrafiltrationequipment1.4,,:J=VtpA(1),Vt,p,A..:,RO30s,;0.1MPa,,,,;RO,RO1min,2min,+2~3;(500mg/L)30min,RO1min,2min,3~5.0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2MPa,20min,,RO1min,2min,,.1.5,HANNAinstruments,LP200;,,,.2结果与讨论2.12,,:,,.;,.(),,,.,.,,3,4.(),.,.W1;W2;W3;W4;W5;W6;W72Fig.2Variationsofpermeatingwatervolumewithtimefordifferentwellwater[3,4]:JV=p(Rm+Rc)(2),Rc;Rm;.625R1;R2;R3;R4;R5;R6;R7;R83Fig.3VariationsofpermeatingwatervolumewithtimefordifferentriverwaterS1;S2;L14Fig.4Variationsofpermeatingwatervolumewithtimefordifferentseaandlakewater,,Rc,Rm,;,,Rc,JV.,,,,JV.,,.(MFl,ModifiedFoulingIndex),.[5](2):tV=RmAp+rccb2A2ccp(3),cb,,rc,p,cc,A,Rm,V.t/VV,,MFI,:MFI=rccb2A2ccp(4)(4)MFl,,MFI,MFI.MFI1,23.表1不同地下水污染情况分析结果Table1AnalysisresultsofdifferentwellwateraboutcontaminatedstatusMFI/NTU1.72001.843.6181.88003.39004.7319306.720711.452.60表2不同河水的污染情况分析结果Table2AnalysisresultsofdifferentsurfacewateraboutcontaminatedstatusMFI/NTU2.214.99124.482.29617.2921.713320.134.923840.151.752898.011.4932133.702.3642254.4015.50501,MFI,,,.MFI;MFI.,MFI,()(),.5:7表3不同海水湖水污染情况分析结果Table3AnalysisresultsofdifferentseawaterandlakewateraboutcontaminatedstatusMFI/NTU8.292.07814.905.03244.389.8152.25,:,,.W1;W2;W3;W4;W5;W6;W75Fig.5Variationsofpermeatingwaterfluxwithtimefordifferentwellwater;,.(),,,,.67,,()..2.38,9,1010min.10min.(),,.,,.R1;R2();R3();R4;R5;R6;R7;R86Fig.6VariationsofpermeatingwaterfluxwithtimefordifferentriverwaterS1;S2;L17Fig.7Variationsofpermeatingwaterfluxwithtimefordifferentseaandlakewater.,..W1;W2;W3;W4W5;W68Fig.8Variationsofpermeatingwaterfluxwithpressurefordifferentwellwater825R1;R2;R3;R4;R5;R6;R79Fig.9VariationsofpermeatingwaterfluxwithpressurefordifferentriverwaterS1;S2;L110Fig.10Variationsofpermeatingwaterfluxwithpressurefordifferentseaandlakewater3结论1),(,,),..2)18,,.,,.3),MFI..[1],,.[J].,2001,127(11):93-101.[2]MarcelM.BasicPrinciplesofMembraneTechnology(secondedition)[M].KluwerAcademicPublishers,1996.[3]NakaoS,WijmansJG,SmoldersCA.Resistencetothepermeatefluxinunstirredultrafiltrationofdissolvedmacrmolecularsolutions[J].JMembrSci,1986,26:165-178.[4]vandenBergGB,SmoldersCA.Boundary-layerresistancemodelforunstirredultrafiltration:Anewapproach[J].JMembrSci,1989,40:149-172.[5]SchippersJC,VerdouwJ.Themodifiedfoulingindex,amethodofdeterminingthefoulingcharacteristicsofwater[J].Desalination,1980,32:137-148.Assessmentofwaterqualitybased-onultrafiltrationmembranefluxmeasurementLILianchao,LIBo,HONGBo,WANGBaoguo(DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Anovelmethodtoevaluatewaterpollutionstatusbywatervolumeorfluxinultrafiltration(UF)membranepermeationwaspresentedinthisinvestigation.18kindsofwatersamplesfromdifferentareaofChinaincludingwellwater,riverwater,seawaterandlakewater,werecollected.ThenthesewatersamplesweremeasuredbylaboratoryscaleUFequipmentfixedUFmembrane.Thevariationsofpermeatingwatervolumewithtimeandwaterfluxwithoperationpressurecouldbeemployedtocharacterizethecontaminantcontentinwatersampleandusedtosymbolizewaterquality.Modifiedfoulingindex(MFI)equationwasconductedthroughtheSeries-ResistanceModelandMFIsof18kindsdifferentwatersamplewerefittedwiththeexperimentaldataaboutwatervolumeandflux.TheresultsintheinvestigationshowedthattheresultsfromthevariationsofpermeatingwatervolumewithtimeandwaterfluxwithtimeandoperationpressurewasconsistencewithMFIvalues.AndUFmeasurementresultswereexplainedbasedonmembranefoulingtheory.Keywords:waterqualityassessment;membranefouling;ultrafiltrationseparation;ultrafiltrationmembrane5:9