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环境与可持续发展20084ENVIRONMENTANDSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTNo.4,2008沉积物及水界面硝化与反硝化作用研究 (厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,环境科学研究中心,福建厦门,361005)【】河道是迁移转化来自陆源N素迁移的重要途径。准确测定河道中硝化、反硝化作用对流域N的收支平衡核算有重要意义。本文分析了河道中沉积物-水界面硝化、反硝化作用的原理并分析讨论了N2通量法、15N同位素法、抑制剂法的优缺点。建立科学、合理的实验方法将进一步完善流域N循环研究机制,为建立科学的流域管理措施提供技术支持。【】硝化;反硝化;N2通量;15N同位素;抑制剂:X131.2 :A :1673-288X(2008)04-0058-03 N,,〔1〕。N。,,〔2〕,N、。NH+4NO-3。,。NO-3,NO-3。,———〔3〕。-,、、、,1。,NH+4,NH+4NO-3;NO-3N2、。NH+4NO-3。Dn,DwNO-3,。,、N。1 -、1 -、,-、15N、N2。1.1 15NKoikeHattori15NNO-3。,15NO-3NH+4,29N21 ,.〔J〕.,2003,19(1):46~48.2 ,,.〔M〕.:,2005.3 ,.〔J〕.,2005,(1):49~51.:丁湘蓉(1976-),女,湖南人,北京市海淀区环境卫生科学研究所,工程师,从事固体废弃物处理与资源化利用工作。:·59·1 N2、15N(℃)DT(μmolNm2h)DNDWSeitzingeretal.,1993LakeVilhelmsborgs,Denmarkmud923 15N121~29077~220N2350~440370~610Luijnetal.,1995LakeNukdernauw70%sand,30%clay11mud122,6,12,20 15N2929N29292 15N2176N2214214Eyreetal.,2002AarhusBay21%sand,23%silt,56%clay101110 15N97~183N229~39 15N79~105N230~34 :DT;DN;DW。28N2、NO-3、NO-2,N229N228N2。29N228N2;14NO-3〔4〕。,、。,15NO-3,NO-3,15NH+4。〔5〕。15NH+4NH+4。NH+4,15NH+4。、。15NO-3,15NO-314NO-3。30N2、29N2、28N2,,。N215N;N2;14NO-3〔6〕。、,。1.2 N2N2N2。,NO-3。N2,。Seitzinger10He、O2、CO2N2。,24N2。〔7〕。、,。Nowick。,,N2,2〔8〕。N2∶ArN2,(MIMS)-N2∶Ar。N2∶ArAr。Ar,Ar。EyreO2Ar,O2Ar,N2Ar,N2∶Ar〔9〕。N2。-N2,N2。Seitzinger、LuijnEyreN215N〔10,6,9〕,,N215N3。1.3 (nitraprin),(dimethylsulfoxide)。,。,(dimethylsulfoxide),。,、、、,,。(1.06volvol),、·60·环境与可持续发展 20084〔11〕。,。,7,〔12〕。N2ON2。10%,NH+4N2O〔13〕,-,、。Teissier,-、。、33。N2O、NO-2、NO-3NH+4。NH+4;N2O;N2O〔14〕。NO-310μmoll,15N30%~50%〔15〕。,。2 、,-、。。-、,,、。,。、,、。N、〔16〕。、NN,。1 Puckett,L.J.Identifyingthemajorsourcesofnutrientwaterpollution〔J〕.EnvironmentalScience&Technology.1995,29:408~414.2 Firestone,M.K.andDavidson,E.A.MicrobiologicalbasisofNOandN2OproductionandconsumptioninSoil.In:Andreae,M.O.,Schimel,D.S.(Eds.),ExchangeofTraceGasesbetweenTerrestrialEcosystemsandtheAtmosphere.Wiley,Chichester.1989:7~21.3 DuffJ.H.,TriskaF.J.Nitrogenbiogeochemistryandsurface-subsurfaceexchangeinstreamsIn:Jones,J.B.,Mulholland,P.J.eds.,StreamsandGroundWaters,AcademicPress,SanDiego,2000:197~220.4 Koike,I.,andA.Hattori.Simultaneousdeterminationofnitrificationandnitratereductionincoastalsedimentsbya15Ndilutiontechnique〔J〕.Ap-pliedEnvironmentalMicrobiology.1977,35:853~857.5 NishioT.,KoikeI.,HatorriA.Estimatesofdenitrificationandnitrifica-tionincostalandestuarinesediments〔J〕.AppliedEnvironmentalMicrobi-ology.1983,45:444~450.6 LuijnVF,BoersPC,LijklemaL.ComparisonofdenitrificationratesinlakesedimentsobtainedbytheN2fluxmethod,the15Nisotopepairingtech-niqueandthemassbalanceapproach〔J〕.WaterResearch.1996,30:893~900.7 SeitzingerS.P.,NixonS.W.,PilsonM.E.Q.,BurkeS.Denitrifi-cationandN2Oproductioninnearshoremarinesediments〔J〕.Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta.1980,44:853~1860.8 Nowicki,B.L.Theeffectoftemperature,oxygen,salinity,andnutrientenrichmentonestuarinedenitrificationratesmeasuredwithamodifiednitro-gengasfluxtechnique〔J〕.Estuarine,CoastalandShelfScience.1994,38:137~156.9 Eyreetal.,B.D.Eyre,S.Rysgaard,T.DalsgaardandP.B.Chris-tensen.ComparisonofisotopeparingandN2:Armethodsformeasuringdenitrification—assumptions,modificationsandimplications〔J〕.Estuar-ies,2002,25:1077~1087.10 Seitzinger,S.P.,Nielsen,L.P.,Caffrey,J.,Christensen,P.B.Denitrificationmeasurementsinaquaticsediments:acomparisonofthreemethods〔J〕.Biogeochemistry.1993,23:147~167.11 ChanY.K.andKnowlesR.Measurementofdenitrificationintwofresh-watersedimentsbyaninsituacetyleneinhibitionmethod〔J〕.AppliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology.1979:1067~1072.12 BergP.,KlemedtssonL.andRosswallT.Inhibitoryeffectoflowpartialpressuresofacetyleneonnitrification〔J〕.SoilBiologyandBiochemistry.1982,14:301~303.13 SlothN.P.Nitrificationinsedimentcoresmeasuredwithacetyleneinhi-bition〔J〕.LimnolOceanogr1992,37:1108~1112.14 TeissierS.,TorreM.Simultaneousassessmentofnitrificationanddenitri-ficationonfreshwaterepilithicbiofilmsbyacetyleneblockmethod〔J〕.Waterresearch.2002,36:3803~3811.15 NielsenL.P.Denitrificationinsedimentdeterminedfromnitrogenisotopepairing〔J〕.FEMSMicrobilogicalEcology.1992,86:357~362.16 ,.GLEAMS〔J〕.,2007,23(1):8~32.:(40671116),(D0720002),。:王巧稚,(1983-),女,湖北荆门人,厦门大学硕士研究生,主要从事流域生态、环境规划与评价研究。
本文标题:沉积物及水界面硝化与反硝化作用研究王巧稚
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