城市景观水体的生物修复技术

王琳1,李季2*,康文力2,张琴2,李银金2,屈冉3(1.,475001;2.,100094;3.,100875)介绍了城市景观水体的特点污染来源及其污染状况,并且分别从物理化学和生物方法3个方面综述了景观水体的各种污染控制和管理措施,详述了微生物水生动物水生植物以及它们之间相互结合处理富营养化水体的修复技术,指出了目前的各种方法都存在着一定的局限性,应采取综合治理措施,加强微生物水生动物水生植物之间的结合,尤其是不同方法技术的综合研究和应用城市景观水体;富营养化;生物修复X171.4A0517-6611(2008)04-01569-02StudyontheBioremediationTechnologyforUrbanLandscapeWatersWANGLinetal(CollegeofEnvironmentandPlanning,HenanUniversity,Kaifeng,Henan475001)AbstractThecharacteristics,pollutionsourcesandpollutionstatusofurbanlandscapewaterswereintroduced.Allkindsofcontrolandmanagementmeasuresforthepollutionoflandscapewatersweresumupfrom3aspectsofphysical,chemicalandbiologicalmethods.Theremediationtechnologyofeu-trophicwaterbodybyusingmicroorganisms,aquaticanimals,aquaticplantsandtheirinteractionwereexpatiated.Itwaspointedoutthatallthemethodsatpresenthadcertainlimitations.Comprehensivecontrolmeasuresshouldbetakenandthecombinationofmicroorganisms,aquaticanimalsandaquaticplantsshouldbestrengthened,especiallyforthecombiningresearchandapplicationofdifferentmethodsandtechnologies.KeywordsUrbanlandscapewaters;Eutrophication;Bioremediation,,/0,,,,,,[1],:¹,;º,();»,,;¼;½,,,,,,,CODBOD5,,12:¹;º,北京市生态学重点学科项目(XK10019440);北京市都市农业学科群建设项目(XK100190553)王琳(1980-),女,河南周口人,讲师,从事污水的生物处理研究*通讯作者2007-09-12,,,2(),,75%~85%,,,,,,33.1,[2],,,,,,1B1B1,,60%90%,50%,DO1mg/L7mg/L[3]88%,CODMna[4]BioOxidatorTM(BO)NutraComplexTM(NC),,JournalofAnhuiAgri.Sci.2008,36(4):1569-1570,1572刘永马君叶BONCCODBODTP,[5],CODCr27.3%,21.2%,23.6%,11.5%[6],,Alken-MurryClear-Flo,1992MoulinVertClear-Flo12003,NH4+0.02mg/L0.00mg/L,COD84%,BOD574%,,,,LLMOEMEM,EM,BOD570.7%,COD60%,EM,75%[7],,,,,,,3.2,[8],,:,,,,,,,(Eichhorniacrassipes)(Nymphaealinn.Spp)(AzallaimbricateNakai)(CanageneralisBailey)(Typhalinn.Spp)(ZizaniaIatifoliaStapf)[9-12],3:¹,;º;»,,,;,;,;,,,[13-14]Jurgen,COD80%~90%[15],,,Philip,,[16],Reeta3,[17],Lauchlan,,[18],,,,3.3,,,,,[19]600,,CODMn,[20]Songsangjinda[21]Gifford[22],4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[1]HILTONJ,O.HAREM,BOWESMJ,etal.Howgreenismyriver?Anewparadigmofeutrophicationinrivers[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2006,365:66-83.[2]安鑫,董金皋.浅谈微生物与人类生态系统的相互影响[J].生物学通报,2004,39(4):25-26.[3]曹式芳,庞金钊,杨宗政,等.生物技术治理富营养化景观水体的研究[J].天津轻工业学院学报,2002,12(4):1-3.[4]庞金钊,杨宗政,孙永军,等.投加优势菌净化城市湖泊水[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(6):51-52.[5]唐玉斌,郝永强,陆柱,等.景观水体的生物激活剂修复[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(4):37-39.[6]方一丰,黄光团,林逢凯,等.景观水原位修复的生物激活剂研究[J].(下转第1572页)1570安徽农业科学20083;,(),,2.42.4.1450m,2%,49hm21024h(1024h52.3mm)8%,6.2hm2,2.5m1m1B21B211m33m,2.0m,8%,0.5%,,:I=1/200,h=0.3m,P=1.5,b=1.0m,163m3,,135m22.4.2,510m,2,,0.8m0.4m1B1,0.5m1B11.0m,1m,210m0.3m1m,2.5),,1,,12m8m2m2m,,,M10,30cm100cm,30cm40cm;8cm,,C18;1B200,;;330m2,7.68m340m32.6,4~6m,15b,15m,,,600m3/km33.1,,24.46m3,1.17t[6-7]3.2,13.4%4.00,1.49[6]3.3,,,,18.3%44.2%3.4,,,,,,[8-9],,,,,,[1]胡振华,解明曙,王治国.晋西黄土残塬区水土保持生态建设模式探讨[J].水土保持研究,2003(2):126-130.[2]孔繁德.秦皇岛北部山区水土流失的特点及形成因素与防治对策[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(2):52-54.[3]李新虎,李瑞雪,魏朝富,等.山区小流域自然资源垂直分异特征及其治理模式研究[J].水土保持学报,2003(1):96-99.[4]王答相.黄河流域水土保持生态建设的思考[J].山西水土保持科技,2001(3):1-3.[5]贾天会.辽宁省水土保持工作现状分析[J].中国水土保持,2001(6):15-16.[6]陈建卓,高景.河北省太行山区小流域综合治理模式研究[J].水土保持通报,1999(4):41-44.[7]田颖超,李志华.小流域综合治理在促进区域经济发展中的地位分析[J].中国水土保持,2000(3):39-41.[8]李军,李侃.山区水土保持生态建设环境现状与建设对策[J].黑龙江水专学报,2002,29(3):67-68.[9]孙博源.黄土高原生态农业建设小流域治理[J].中国水土保持,2000(1):42-44.(上接第1570页)净水技术,2005,24(2):5-8.[7]李捍东,王庆生,张国宁,等.优势复合菌群用于城市生活污水净化新技术的研究[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(5):14-16.[8]BRIXH.Functionsofmacrophytesinconstructedwetlands[J].WaterScienceandTechnology,1994,29(4):71-78.[9]全为民,沈新强,严力蛟.富营养化水体生物净化效应的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(11):2057-2060.[10]张颖,邓良伟.废水中磷的去除研究进展[J].中国沼气,2005,23(3):11-14.[11]LUEE,de-BASHANAB,YOAVB.Researchadvancesinremovingphosphorusfromwastewateranditsfutureuseasfertilizer(1997-2003)[J].WaterRe-search,2004,38(19):4222-4246.[12]吴振斌,成水平,贺锋,等.垂直流人工湿地的设计及净化功能初探[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(6):715-718.[13]GULATIRD.Canmacrophytesbeusefulinbiomanipulationoflakes?ThelakeZwenmlustexample[J].Hydrobiologia,1990,200/201:399-407.[14]BRAHMATT.Nitrogenandphosphorusremovalcapacityoffourchosenaqua-ticmacrophyteintrophicalfreshwaterponds[J].EnvironmentalConservation,1991,18(2):143-148.[15]JURGENK.Treatmentofdomesticandagriculturalwastewaterbyreedbedsys-tems[J].EcologicalEngineering,1999,12:13-25.[16]PHILIPAM,ALEXANDERJH.Denitrificationinconstructedfree-watersur-facewetlands:Ò.Effectsofvegetationandtemperature[J].EcologicalEngineer-ing,2000,14:17-32.[17]REETADS,ANNCW.Nutrientremovalbyfloatingaquaticmacrophytescu-lturedinanaerobicallydigestedflusheddairymanurewastewater[J].EcologicalEngineering,2004,22:27-42.[18]LAUCHLANHF,SPRINGMC,DAVIDS.Atestoffourplantspeciestore-ducetotalnitrogenandtotalphosphorusfromsoilleachateinsubsurfacewe-tlandmicrocosms[J].BioresourceTechnology,2004,94:185-192.[19]石岩,张喜勤,付春艳,等.浮游动物对净化湖泊富营养化的初步探讨[J].华北水利水电,1998(3):31-33.[20]韩士群,严少华,范成新,等.长肢秀体对富营养化水体藻类的生物操纵[J].江苏农业学报,2006,22(1):81-85.[21]SONGSANGJINDAP,MATSUDAO,YAMAMOTOT,etal.Theroleofsus-pendedoystercultureonnitrogencycleinHiroshimaBay[J].JOceanogr,2000,56:223-231.[22]GIFFORDS,DUNSTANH,O.CONNORW,etal.Quantificationofinsitunu-trientandheavymetalremediationbyasmallpearloyster(Pinctadaimbr