城市生活垃圾焚烧时HCl排放及脱除研究进展

195Vol.19No.520039PowerSystemEngineeringSep.,20031005-006X(2003)04-0040-05HClHClHClPVCHClSO2HClX701.2AReviewontheEmissionandDechlorinationofHClinCombustionofMSWLIXiang-pai,JIANGXu-guang,CHIYong,etal.Abstract:Asincinerationwaswidelyusedinthedisposalofmunicipalsolidwaste(MSW),theharmtotheheatingsurfaceandhumanbodyfromHClinfluegasshouldbepaidmoreattentionto.TheformationmechanismofHClincombustionofmunicipalsolidwasteisintroducedinthispaper.TheemissionanddechlorinationmechanismofHClwhencoalwascofiredwithMSWandPVCrespectivelyarediscussed.ThemaininfluencingfactorsofdechlorinationofHClareasfollows:watercontent,temperature,SO2,heavymetalandinorganic.Keywords:municipalsolidwaste;hydrogenchlorine,emission,dechlorination45012kg18%10%[1]HClMSWNOxHCl[2]HClHCl1HCl[2]HClPVCPVDCHClPVCHClPVCL+HCl+R+HCLRKClHCl:2002-11-25(1979-),310027NaClHClHCl2NaCl+nSiO2+Al2O3+H2O2HCl+Na2O(SiO2)nAl2O3(1)NaCl+mSiO2+H2O2HCl+Na2O(SiO2)m(2)n=4m=42NaClNSHCl2NaCl+SO2+0.5O2+H2ONa2SO4+2HCl(3)2HCl+0.5O2↔H2O+Cl2(4)2HCl2.1Estelle[3](1)MSWN2OSO2HClNOCOCO30%,CONON2ON2ON2O[4]RHCl(2)H2OClNaClO2H2OHClC1HHClHClHClCl23HClCl2HClCl25HCl41KLiu[5]46850HClHCl650850HCl5001500ppm15002000ppmHClHClCaOHClCOCO22.2PVCWXie[6]PVC31.311401160KCa/S31PVCHClHCl41Cl-HCl2HClR3HClTPVC30PVCHClSO2700900SO2PCDD/Fs[7]PVCHClHClHClHClPVCHCl200600ClHCl50%600900ClHCl90%Ca/ClHClHClCa(OH)2HClHCl[8]HClClHCl0.3%0.5%54HCl+O2⇔2H2O+2Cl2PVCCl2Cl2(HCl)/HClClHCl/%700750800850900T/100806040Coalweightfraction/%050100R012345880900920940960980706050404003503002502000.50.40.30.20.10422003193HCl3.1HCl[9]CaCl2(s)+H2O(g)⇔CaO(s)+2HCl(g)HClCa/ClCaCl2HClCaCl2CaOCaOCaCl250%CaOHCl3.2M.Matsukata[10]HClSO2HClH2O6H2OHClHClCaCO3HClSO2SO2HCl6HClA.D.Lawrence[11]CaCl2+H2O↔CaO+2HClCaCl2HClG.MuraA.Lallai[12]H2OHClPeukertLoffler40010%H2OCaOHClH2O500H2O7008503.3SO2,HClO2Cl24HCl+O2→2Cl2+2H2OCl2+SO2+H2O→2HCl+SO3CaO+SO3→CaSO4CaO+2HCl→CaCl2+H2OHClSO2CaSO485040%SO2SO2HClSO2CaOSO2HClCaSO4HClCaCl2SO2CaCl2CaSO4SO2HClCaCl21045K[10]S+O2SO22H2+O22H2OCaO+2HClCaCl2+H2OCaCl2+SO2+O2CaSO4+Cl2CaCl2+SO3+H2OCaSO4+2HClCaCl2CaCl2CaCl2/CaSO4900CaCl3.4HClHClSO2CaOHCl700900HClK.Liu[5]CaOHCl650Weinell.JensenDam-Johansen80030%10005%4HCl+O2↔2Cl2+2H2OCl2COCO2M.DaoudiWalters[13]CaCO3565CaCO3600HCl600850Ca(OH)2CaCO3/K6007008009001000110012001008060402005000ppm1000ppm500ppm100ppm(a)5HCl43A.D.Lawrence[11]CaOHCl600HClCaOM.DaoudiWalters[13]300650YangChen76506007[9]8Ca/Cl2HClHClHCl90[8]GuilinPiao[14][15]RDF9HClCaCl2HClCaCl2HClRDFARDFB8HCl9HCl3.5Ming-Yenwey[16]HClPbCbCrPbCbCrKuen-shangwang[17]HClPVCNaClKClHClClHClPVCHClCrHClCrO2Cl2HClC2Cl4HClC2Cl4HCl50%70%NaClKClHClFeCl3HClPVCC2Cl4FeCl3NaClKClHClHClHCl4(1)HClHCl(2)PVCPVCHCl200600ClHCl50%600900ClHCl90%(3)H2OHClHCl49/K9001000110012001300/min051015202530100806040200=310=380=475=650=565=600Ca/(S+0.5Cl)3.483.12T/700750800850900Ca/Cl==2.065605550454035302520155H490.510sd5T=100=10061.W2(s)2.W2(s)66W2(s)14H[1]SafonovMG,ChiangRY.CACSDusingthestate-spaceLtheory-adesignexample[J].IEEETransAutomatContr.,1988,33(5):477479.[2]MCFARLANEOC,GLOVERK.AloopshapingdesignprocedureusingHsynthesis[J].IEEETransAC,1992,37(6):759769.[3]RAsgharia,MemberSATavakoli.AsystematicapproachtoperformanceweightsselectionindesignofrobustHpssusinggeneticalgorithms[J].IEEETransactionsonEnergyConversion,1996,11(1):111117[4],.[J].,1999,20(4):358361.[5],.SISO[J].,1999,14(3):269271.[6],.[M].,1998.43(4)HClSO2(5)HClHClSO2CaOHCl700900(6)HCl[1].[J].,2002,21(3):5961.[2],,,.[J].,1999(2):1619.[3]EstelleDestroches-Ducarne,EricMarty,Gerard,etal.Co-combustionofcoalandmunicipalsolidwasteinacirculatingfluidizedbed[J].Fuel,1998,77(12):13111315.[4].MSW[J].,2001,16(6):586590.[5]KLiu,WPPan,JTRiley.Astudyofchlorinebehaviorinafluidizedbedcombustionsystem[J],Fuel,2000,79:11151124.[6]WXie,K.Liu,WPPan,etal.IncinerationbetweenemissionsofSO2andHClinafluidizedbedcombustors[J].Fuel1998,78:14251436.[7][D].:3258.[8],,,.HCl[J].,1998,16(3):6163.[9],,,.HCl[J].,2001,21(4):394399.[10]MMatasuka,KTakeda,TMiyatani,etal.Simultaneouschlorinationandsulphationofcalcinedlimestone[J].ChemicalEngineeringScience,1996,51(11):25292534.[11]DLawrence,JBu.ThereactionsbetweenCa-basedsolidsandgasesrepresentativeofthosefoundinafluidizedbedincinerator[J].ChemicalEngineeringScience,2000,55:61296137.[12]G.Mura,A.Lallai.Reactionkineticsofgashydrogenchlorideandlimestone[J].ChemicalEngineeringScience,1994,49(24A):44914450.[13]MDaoudi,JKWalters.ThereactionofHClgaswithcalcinedcommerciallimestoneparticles:theeffectofparticlesize[J].TheChemicalEngineeringJournal,1991,47:1116.[14]GuilinPiao,shigeAono,shigeKatsuMori,etal.Combustionofrefusederivefuelinafluidizedbed[J],WasteManagement,1998,18:509512.[15]GuilinPiao,ShigeAono,Motochirokondoh.Combudtiontestofrefusederivedfuel[J],WasteManagement,2000,20:443447.[16]Ming-YenWey,Lih-JyhYu,Suen-IouJou.TheinfluenceofheavymetalsontheformationoforganicsandHClduringincineratingofPVC-containingwaste[J].JournalofhazardousMaterial,1998,60:259270.[17]Kuen-shengWang,Kung-YuhChiang,Shin-MingLin,etal.Effectsofchloridesonemissionsofhydrogenchlorideformationinwasteincineration[J].Ch