城市生活垃圾晚期渗滤液中氨氮的常温短程去除张树军

　58　4　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Vol.58　No.4　20074　　Journal　of　Chemical　Industry　and　Engineering　(China)　　April　2007　　张树军,彭永臻,王淑莹,郑淑文,毛心慰(,100022):;;;(FISH):X703　　　　　　:A:0438-1157(2007)04-1042-06Short-cutremovalofnitrogenfrommaturemunicipallandfillleachateatambienttemperatureZHANGShujun,PENGYongzhen,WANGShuying,ZHENGShuwen,MAOXinwei(SchoolofEnvironmentalandEnergyEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing100022,China)Abstract:Both“two-stageupflowanaerobicsludgeblanket(UASB)+anoxic/oxic(A/O)”systemand“onestageUASB+A/O”systemweresuccessivelyintroducedtotreataleachatecontainingrelativelylowconcentrationoforganicsandhighconcentrationofammoniafromamaturelandfillsite.The“two-stageUASB+A/O”systemwasusedfirstly.ThedenitrificationofthereturneffluentwascarriedoutinthefirststageUASB(UASB1).ThenitrificationtookplaceintheA/Oreactor.TheresultsshowedthatmostbiodegradableorganicmatterwasremovedintheUASB1,so“onestageUASB+A/O”systemwasusedinthesecondphaseexperiment.TheNH+4-NloadingrateofA/Oreactorandoperationtemperaturewere0.28—0.60kgNH+4-Nm-3d-1and17—29℃,respectively.TheCODremovalefficiencyandthefinaleffluentCODwere50%—70%,1000—1500mgL-1,respectively.Short-cutnitrificationwith90%—99%ofnitriteaccumulationefficiencytookplaceinthesystem.TheNH+4-Nremovalefficiencyvariedbetween90%and100%.WhenNH+4-Nloadingratewaslessthan0.45kgNH+4-Nm-3d-1,theNH+4-Nremovalefficiencywasmorethan98%,andeffluentNH+4-Nwasbelow15mgL-1.WhentheratioofthefeedCODtofeedNH+4-Nconcentrationswas2—3,thetotalinorganicnitrogen(TIN)removalefficiencywas70%—80%.ThesludgesamplesfromA/Oreactorwereanalyzedbyusingfluoresenceinsituhybridization(FISH).TheFISHanalysisshowedthatammoniaoxidationbacteria(AOB)were4%oftheeubacteria,meanwhilenitriteoxidationbacteria(NOB)werelessthan0.2%oftheeubacteria.Keywords:maturelandfillleachate;biologicalnitrogenremoval;short-cutnitrification;FISH　　2006-06-06,2006-09-12。:。:(1970—),,。:(50521140075);“”;。　　　Receiveddate:2006-06-06.Correspondingauthor:Prof.PENGYongzhen.E-mail:[e-mail]:supportedbytheKeyInternationalCooperationProjectFinancedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(50521140075),theFundingProjectforAcademicHumanResourceDevelopmentinInstitutionsofHigherLearningundertheJurisdictionofBeijingMunicipality[PHR(IHLB)]andtheInternationalCooperationProjectFinancedbyBeijingMunicipalScienceandTechnologyCommission.　　(“”)、[1]。。,。,COD/TKN4.0,。:,,。,25%,40%,COD/TKN2.5[2-7],。UASB+A/OUASB+A/O,,、,、TIN70%～80%。1　1.1　1,UASBA/O,。UASB1(UASB)UASB2(UASB)4.25L、8.25L。A/O15L,10,。UASB,UASB1UASB220～32℃、35℃,15～32℃。UASB+A/O60d,1～10d3.5Ld-1,11～60d5.8Ld-1。UASB2,UASB+A/O61～100d,4.6Ld-1。UASB1200%,100%。:Raw———;U1i———UASB1();U1e———UASB1;U2e———UASB2;Ano.———A/O;O2～O10———。,,:COD=2000～4500mgL-1,NH+4-N=1200～1800mgL-1,pH=8.0～8.3,10000mgL-1。,UASB2,UASBUASB。1.2　COD:COD;:;:N-(1-)-;:;Cl-、SO2-4:,Metrohm761compactIC。N2O:,Aglient6890NnetworkGCsystem;DO、pH、(WTWDO330i,WTWpH330i);BOD5OxiTop®Control(WTW)。1　UASB-A/OFig.1　Flowdiagramoftwo-stageUASB-A/Osystem　1043　4　　:　　AmannFISH[8]。1。,20～25(OLYMPUSBX52)(LeicaQWINSoftware)。1　FISHTable1　16SrRNA-targetedoligonucleotideprobesusedProbeFA/%FluorescencetagTargetsEUBmix①—FITCEubacteriaNSO122535Cy3ammonia-oxidizingβ-ProteobacteriaNIT340Cy3NitrobacteriaNtspa66235Cy3Nitrospira　　①EUBmix—EUB338∶EUB338Ⅱ∶EUB338Ⅲ=1∶1∶1.2　2.1　UASB1,UASB1NO-x-N,A/ONH+4-N。UASB1COD3.6～6.0kgCODm-3d-1,COD2。COD=2000～4500mgL-1,CODUASB1,COD50%～70%,COD1000～1500mgL-1。UASB1COD,UASB2(UASB2)。A/ONO-x-NNH+4-N,。,BOD5,BOD5=500～1100mgL-1,BOD530mgL-1。3。,,(NO-x-N),TN。A/O(ALR)0.28～0.60kgNH+4-Nm-3d-1,ALR0.45kgNH+4-Nm-3d-1,98%,ALR0.45kgNH+4-Nm-3d-1,90%,。NO-2-N90%—99%,NH+4-N=1200～1800mgL-1,NO-3-N30mgL-1,NO-2-N=150～400mgL-1。COD/NH+4-N=2～3,TIN=70%～80%。2.2　4。NH+4-N=1614mgL-1,pH,[9]。,UASB1NH+4-N450mgL-1。NH+4-N,A/ONH+4-N=251mgL-1,NH+4-N,NH+4-N=8mgL-1。NO-3-N30mgL-1,NO-2-N=400mgL-1。COD/NH+4-N=2.0,=200%,=100%,TIN73%。2　CODFig.2　CODremovalfrommatureleachateinsystem　1044　　　　　　　　　　　58　3　Fig.3　Variationandremovalofnitrogen　4　Fig.4　Variationofnitrogeninflowpath　　　TIN,,SND。TIN=437mgL-1,TIN=414mgL-1,。,N2O。2.3　FISHNO-2-N90%～99%,A/O,AOBNOB,NO-2-N98%,A/O,FISH。FISH5,FISHAOB4%,NOB0.2%,A/ONitrobacteria(NOB),Nitrospira(NOB)。AOBNOB,,NOB,AOB。AOBNO-2-N,NO-2-NNO-3-NNOB,NO-2-N。NOB(NitrobacteriaNitrospira)K/r。,Nitrobacteria(NOB),。Nitrospira(NOB)。K/r,NO-2-N,NitrobacterNitrospiraNOB。A/ONO-2-N=150～400mgL-1,Nitrobacteria(NOB)Nitrospira(NOB),K/r[10]。2.4　COD/TKN4.0(TKN),40%,COD/TKN2.5。,NH+4-N=1200～1800mgL-1。COD=2000～4500mgL-1,1000mgL-1COD,COD/TKN1.45,。COD/NH+4-NTIN6。,200%,UASBNO-2-N。COD/NH+4-N=2～2.5,TIN70%～80%。1045　4　　:5　A/OAOBNOBFISH(A、B、C;A+、B+、C+NSO1225AOB、Ntspa662NOB、NIT3NOB)Fig.5　FISHanalysisforAOBandNOBinA/Oreactor(A,B,CarethephotosofEUBMIXforEubacteria,andA+,B+,C+arethephotosofNSO1225forAOB,Ntspa662forNOB,NIT3forNOB,respectively)　6　COD/NH+4-NTINFig.6　RelationofrawCOD/NH+4-NandTINremovalefficiency　TIN:,UASB1COD。UASB1[11]。FA()NOB,AOB。AOBNOBFA,FANOB0.1～1.0mgL-1,AOB10～150mgL-1[12-15]。,NH+4-N,FA,FA,50～1mgL-1,NOB。10000mgCaCO3L-1,1gNH+4-N7.14gCaCO3,NH+4-N。,,pHFA,。,。150～400mgL-1NO-2-N,NO-2-N,NO-2-N。1046