城市污泥有机氮矿化动态及其影响因素的研究

:,31,(,100101)(,210095)2.3%24%,1431%65%,6,,.6%,,;6%24%,,.;;;;1(sewagesludge).[1],15536t(,)684t,,33%39%.120,30t,,,25%,..,90%.,,.,,.164%48%[2];,1314%25%[3],1540%42%[4].Magdoff[5],1754%,(55%),,,Ryan,,[2],Sabey[6],..,,.1111,.40%,60%,,,,,.,,20.17319977ACTASCIENTIAECIRCUMSTANTIAEVol.17,No.3July,1997.20.1.1Table1Selectedpropertiesoftheanaerobicallydigestedsewagesludgeandthesoilused,%pHC,gkg-1N,gkg-1NH+42N,mgkg-1NO-32N,mgkg-1(0101mm),%60133619127216421378412731171985160175331925155615112.4:5152535.12%,.,5:0%3%6%12%24%,35.3.1132[7].15g,(),,(1cm)60mL(,015cm8.),1cm,.150mL()0101molL-1CaCl2,25mL(01002molL-1CuSO45H2O,01002molL-1MgSO4,0105molL-1Ca(H2PO4)2H2O010025molL-1K2SO4),(60cmHg).,.,N0,14.,2(Zn2FeSO4).,NH+42NNH3,NH3.,,2,NH3NH+42N415%,.114(%)=-100%,().mg(N)12211,,.23%24%.063172(n=4)Table2Averagemineralizationrateoforganicnitrogeninsludgeatratesfrom3%to24%(n=4),2468101214,%15142417311534183813421042146154914913121411141015181514,%7171416531381164117011810122,(35),3%24%,1442%,Epstein(1978)(15,40%42%).2:.(6),74%;,826%..,,;C,,NC,C/N(3),.3(3%)Table3MineralizationoforganicCandNinsludgestudied(atarateof3%)()02468101214C3,%(A)08185151122012623159321413418436168C,%2712624184231142117420183181431717717126N,%(B)024170401735018155147581406510665106N,%41233118215121081188117611481148(B)/(A)2178216921512135118011871177C/N614471819122101451014711108121011116631,1995,(4).:Nm=N0(1-e-Kt)Nt=N0e-Kt(1):Nmt,g(N)/kg();Ntt,g(N)/kg();N0,g(N)/kg();K,-1;t,.1633:4(35))Table4Parametersforfirst2orderkineticsfordescribingnitrogenmineralizationofsewagesludge(35),%N0,g/kgK,-1R23231290122530199761512801150301995121216501232501995241116101163301993R20101=01696n=8:-dNdt=KN0e-Kt(2),.,6%(4),979kg/ha,24413kg/ha.,,,.212212111,:,.,,;,.1Fig11MineralizationdynamicsoforganicNinsoilamendedwithsludgeatdifferentrates,3%6%8,12%10,12%,14.,,,.,,(2,3).3%(65%),,.6%24%,31%38%,.,:6%,,,.6%,,26317.LindemannSabey:Linde2mann[8],,Sabey[6],.,03%,5%10%.2Fig12EffectofsludgeloadingonmineralizationoforganicNfor14week314Fig13EffectofsludgeloadingonaccumulatedmineralizationrateoforganicNfor14weeks4Fig14EffectofincubationtemperatureonmineralizationrateoforganicN21212,.535,,.6,10,1000g11670124g4187%.:515,5115%;1525,4187%;2535,4115%.6,15,.14,1535,30%35%,5(17%).,,.,,.3111431%65%,6,..21.6%,3633:,,6%,..535,10,419%.1McGrathSP.Long2termeffectsofmetalsinsewagesludgeonsoils,microorganisms,andplants.JIndustMicrobio,1995,14:941042RyanJA,KenneyDR,WaishLM.Nitrogentransformationsandavailabilityofanaerobicallydigestedsewagesludgeinsoil.JEnvironQual,1973,2:4894923MagdoffFR,ChromecFW.Nitrogenmineralizationfromsewagesludge.JEnvironSciHealth,1977,A12:1912014EpsteinE,KeaneDB,MeisingerJJetal.Mineralizationofnitrogenfromsewagesludgeandsludgecompost.JEnvironQual,1978,7:2172215MagdoffFR,AmadonFF.Nitrogenavailabilityfromsewagesludge.JEnvironQual,1980,9:4514556SabeyBR.Landapplicationofsewagesludge:III.Nitrateaccumulationandwheatgrowthresultingfromadditionofsewagesludgeandwoodwastetosoils.JEnvironQual,1985,4:3883937ParkerCF,SommersLE.Mineralizationofnitrogeninsewagesludges.JEnvironQual,1983,12:1501568LindemannWC,CardenasM.Nitrogenmineralizationpotentialandnitrogentransformationsofsludgeamendedsoil.SoilSciSocAmJ,1984,48:107210771996205206MINERALIZATIONOFORGANICNITROGENINANAEROBICAL2LYDIGESTEDSLUDGEZhouLixiang(InstituteofGeography,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101)HuAitang,HuZhongming(NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095)ABSTRACTMineralizationoforganicNisoneoftheprinciplefactorsaffectingtheannualamountofsewagesludgeappliedtocropland.Themineralizationoforganicnitrogeninanaerobi2callydigestedsludgefromsecondarysewagetraetmentplantwasstudiedusingaprocedureofperi2odicleachingofsoil2sludge2sandmixtures.31to65%oforganicnitrogeninthesludgewasmineralizedinthecalcareousheavyloamsoilamendedwithsludgeatapplicationratefrom3%to24%duringaincubationperiodof14weeks.Sludgeexhibitedarapid,initialreleaseofinorganicN,fol2lowedbyarelativelyconstantrateofmineralizationfromweeks6to14.Themineralizationdy2namicsoforganicNcouldbedescribedbyaclassicalfirst2orderkinetics:Nm=N0(1-e-Kt).NetmineralizationratesoforganicNincreasedastemperatureincreasedorsludgeadditiondecreasedwhensludgewereaddedtosoilatratesrangingfrom0to6%,buttheamountofNmineralizationweresimilar(31%2238%)atapplicationratesmorethan6%.Keywordssewagesludge,organicN,mineralization,dynamics,temperature,applicationrate.46317