英语中的主谓一致

英语主谓一致一般说来，谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。主谓一致涉及三个方面：语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。一、语法上一致1不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。Muchmilkisofferedtohim.ReadingaloudisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.Tonodone’sheadmeansagreement.Whattheysaidistrue.2and连接主语时，注意以下几点：1）由and,both…and连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。Bothbreadandbutterwereservedforbreakfastinthishotel.Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.2)凡是由each…andeach…,every…andevery…,no…andno…,manya…andmanya…连接名词作主语时谓语用单数。Eachmanandeachwomanhasachancetoberaisedinourcompany.Noboyandnogirldoesn’tgotoschoolattheageofseveninthisvillage.3)由and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词做主语时，谓语用复数。Goodandbadmeatinthemarketaresoldout.4)不可数名词+并列修饰语作主语时，谓语用单数。BeerfromtheUSAandGermanyismuchbetterthatfromBritain.5)凡由and连接两个带the(a或物主代词)的单数可数名词，谓语用复数，如果只有前一个名词带the(a或物主代词)则谓语用单数。Theprofessorandthewriterhavepublishedafewnewbooksonradio.Thetenthandlastchapteriswrittenbyayoungman.6)由and连接的第二个名词短语表示否定或带有状语时，谓语的单复数与第一个名词一致。Theteacher,andperhapshisstudentstoo,islikelytobepresent.7)What从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式常用复数，缩略式常用单数。Whathesaysandwhathethinkshavenothingtodowithme.WhatIsayanddoismyownaffair.8)由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式、动名词作主语时，根据意义一致的原则确定单复数。Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.(MET1991)AisnotdecidedBarenotdecidedChasnotdecidedDhavenotdecided3主语+介词（短语）：with,except,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,over,besides,togetherwith,like,including,inadditionto等连接的名词时，谓语以介词（短语）前的主语为准，不受介词后的名词影响。ThemanwithhsdaughtersandsonsiswatchingTV.Thegirlsaswellastheteacheraredancing.考例：1）E-mail,aswellastelephones,______animportantroleinourdailylife(1999上海)AplayingBplayCplaysDhaveplayed2)Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_______tothenationasagift.(MET1990)AisofferedBhasofferedCareofferedDhaveoffered4不定代词either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,someone,somebody,anything,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.Eitheroftheshirtsfitsmeverywell.Noneofthefarmershas(have)beenabroad.5manya(an)+名词和morethanone+名词做主语时谓语用单数。Manyanappleisinthebasket.Morethanonestamphasbeencollectedbyher.6在四则运算中谓语单复数均可。Threeandfouris(are)seven.Twotimestenis(are)twenty.7当kindof,pairof,typeof等做主语时，谓语与of前的kind,pair,type等保持一致。如：Thispairoftrousersfitsyou.Thekindoftheappletastesdelicious.8当alotof,lotsof,plentyof等短语作主语时，谓语与of后的保持一致。Thereareplentyofeggsinthebasket.Lotsofmeathasbeensoldout.考例：Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_______ofdesert______coveredtheland.(2001上海)Anumber,hasBquantity,hasCnumber,haveDquantity,have9当分数或百分数+名词作主语时，谓语与后面的名词保持一致。Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.70percentofpeoplehaveknownaboutthetruth.考例：_______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.(2000上海)ATwofifth,isBTwofifth,areCTwofifth,isDTwofifths,are10在oneof+复数名词+定语从句中如关系代词作主语引导定语从句时，谓语根据先行词来判断，若是oneof结构，定语从句用复数，若是the(only)oneof结构，定语从句用单数。Zhouxiaisoneofthegirlswholikehiking.Tianliliistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohaspassedtheexam.考例：Heistheonlyofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(2002上海)AisBareChavebeenDhasbeen11“anumberof+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，”thenumberof+复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。Thenumberofbooksisnomorethan100,butanumberofthemisoflittleuse.考例：thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET1996)Awere,wasBwas,wasCwas,were,Dwere,were二、意义上一致1当表示时间，距离，价格、度量等的名词作主语时谓语用单数。Tenyearsisquitealongtime.2当“the+形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语时，谓语用复数。指个人或抽象概念时，谓语用单数。Therichliveahappylife,whilethepoorliveahardlife.Thewoundedisourcaptain.3当maths(mathematics),politics,physics等学科名词作主语时，谓语用单数，但前有物主代词修饰指某人的某方面时，谓语用复数。Mathsisdifficulttolearn.Hisphysicsarepoor.4用作书名、剧名、报名、国名、地区名称的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingbook.TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.5如果名词词组的中心词是all,most,half,rest,part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。（单独all作主语，指人用复数，指物用单数）。Alloftherubbishwasclearedaway.Alloftheclassmateshavepassedtheexamination.6当集合名词family,class,army,group,team,enemy,government,public,couple等作主语时，如果主语看作一个整体，谓语用单数，如果看作其中的成员（个体时）谓语用复数。Class3areunabletoagreeontheplan.HisfamilyhasjustmovedtoBeijing.7有的名词如police,cattle,people,clothes,trousers等没有单数形式，作主语时，谓语只能用复数，而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep,deer,aircraft,mean,fish,works,species,等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。Shortlyaftertheaccident,thepoliceweresenttokeeporder.考例：Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear(2000上海)。AisusedBareusedChasbeenusedDhavebeenused三、就近一致1连词or,either…or,not…but,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,whether…or等连词并列作主语时，谓语与它最靠近的主语一致。EitheryouorIamgoingtoanswerhisquestion.NotonlyhebutalsohisfriendshavebeentoNewYork.考例：Eitheryouortheheadmaster______theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting(1994上海)AishandingoutBaretohandoutCarehandingoutDistohandout2在therebe结构中，如果主语不只是一个，谓语通常和邻近的，即每一个主语一致。如：Thereisadeskandthreechairsintheroom.Therearethreechairsandadeskintheroom.Addition:表达祝愿的句型。1)I/We/Letus+wishsb.+sth.Iwishyouhappiness.Iwishyouafullrecovery.Iwishyoueverysuccessinyournewpost.Letuswishyoutheverybestofluck.2)主语（IWeLetus）+wish+sb.+todosth.Iwishyoutosucceedinyourperformance.Letuswishyoutowinstillgreatervic