畜禽规模养殖废水污染因子监测评价分析吴建敏

304Vol.30No.420097ActaEcologiaeAnimalisDomasticiJul.2009＊吴建敏1,徐　俊1,翟云忠1,董　渊2,曹雪林3,景　茜1,王浩琼1,郑浩正1,钱志平1(1.(),　213001;2.,　213016;3.,　213176)[　]　对奶牛、猪、禽规模养殖30个废水样品,分二次应用标准方法监测15个不同参数,并进行单项与综合指数评价分析。结果表明:不同畜禽养殖废水污染超标因子按污染指数大小排序存在差异性,猪氨氮总磷总氮砷铜CODcr铁锰;牛氨氮总氮铁CODcr总磷锰砷汞;禽总磷氨氮砷总氮CODcr铁锰。从中可见总磷、氨氮、砷、总氮、CODcr、铁和锰为污染共性因子,另有猪铜与牛汞个性因子,而且猪的污染超标因子污染指数最大。[]　畜禽规模养殖;废水污染因子;监测评价[]　S811.5　　　　　　[]　A　　[]　1004-5228(2009)04-0048-04　　,[1],。,。,,[2],,。2001《GB18596-2001》、、[3];2004《GB/T19525.2-2004》[4]()。、,、。1　1.1　、、10,,15,501,800～100000。1.2　(9～10)(3～4),()15;,,5L。1.3　(WTN)、(WAN)、(WTP)、CODcr(COD)、BOD5(BOD)、(WCu)、(WFe)、(WMn)、(WZn)、(WMg)、(WAs)、(WHg)、(WPb)、(WCr)、(WCd);、、、CODcr、、、、、、。,,GB/T11894-1989;,ASTMD1426-2003;,GB/T11893-1989;,GB/T11914-1989;(BOD5),GB/T7488-1987;、、、,GB/T＊[]　2008-11-19,:2009-01-20[]　(DS2007027)[]　(1960-),,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]7475-1987;、,GB/T11911-1989;,GB/T11905-1989;(),NFT90-135-1996;,NFT90-113-2-2002;,GB/T7466-1987;。1.4　:、、CODcr、BOD5《GB18596-2001》,《GB8978-1996》[5]、210,《GB5084》[6]GB5084,300mg/L、3mg/L20mg/L。《GB/T19525.2-2004》(I=Ci/Csi)(Pmw={Imax＊(1/n)∑Ii}1/2,IPmw1,(),1.9,2.8。1.5　SPSS。2　2.1　1、、、CODcr,,。(P0.05);0.19%,0.08(P0.05),0.12(P0.05);0.15%,0.08(P0.05),0.12(P0.05);0.09%,0.08(P0.01),0.06(P0.05);COD-cr0.11%,0.04(P0.05),0.02(P0.05)。494　　　　　　　　　　,:5　Fig.5　Wastewaterpollutionindexoffactor2,,3.08mg/kg,2.14mg/kg(P0.05)2.98mg/kg(P0.05);2.32mg/kg,1.46mg/kg(P0.05)1.75mg/kg(P0.05)。,0.39mg/kg,0.38mg/kg(P0.01)0.28mg/kg(P0.01);,0.54mg/kg,0.50mg/kg(P0.05)0.52mg/kg(P0.05)。(P0.05)。3、、、,,,16.71μg/L,15.92μg/L(P0.01)16.31μg/L(P0.01);,13.8μg/L,12.04μg/L(P0.01)12.56μg/L(P0.01)。,5.03μg/L,1.86μg/L(P0.05)3.22μg/L(P0.01)。(P0.05)。2.2　4,,,。2.3113.47,1.455.93,1.513.63,,、,(P0.05);,(P0.05)。:CODer,、、、、,CODer,、;CODcr,、、,、CODcr,、;CODcr,、,,CODcr、、。--,--。2.3　25,14,56%,15,8,53%。,13,52%,8,53%,、、、CODcr、、、;10,40%,8,53%,、、、CODcr、、、;9,36%,7,47%,、、、CODcr、、。(P0.05),5。3　,、、、CODcr、、,。:CODcr;CODcr;CODcr。。,,,[7]。;,,。,[8],,;、、,,,。:[1]　.“”[J].,2007,28(9):1-3.[2]　,,,.[J].,2004,25(S):105-108.[3]　,.GB18596-50302001[S].:,2001.[4]　,.GB/T19525.2-2004[S].:,2004.[5]　,.GB8978-1996[S].:,1996.[6]　,.GB5084-2005[S].:.1992.[7]　,,,.[J].,2007,34(10):32-34.[8]　.[J].,2008(2):184-187.MonitoringandEvaluationofWasterWatePollutionFactorsinLivestockandPoultryScaleCultivationWUJian-min1,XUJun1,ZHAIYun-zhong1,DONGYuan2,CAOXue-lin3,JINGQian1,WANGHao-qiong1,ZHENGHao-zheng1,QIANGzhi-ping1(1.ChangzhouProtectionandMonitoringStationofAgricultureandFisheryEcologicalEnvironment,Changzhou,Jiangsu　213001,China;2.JiangsuPolytechnicUniversity,Changzhou,Jiangsu　213176,China;3.TheXin-yunFarmerProfessionalCooperativeofTechnologicalVentureService,Changzhou,Jiangsu　213176,China)Abstract:30wastewatersamplesfromdifferentcattlefarms,pigfarmsandpoultryfarmswerecol-lectedtomonitor15differentparameterswithstandardmothodfortwiceandevaluatethesingleandcom-prehensiveindex.TheresultshowsthattherearedifferencesamongpollutionexceedingstandardfactorsofwastewaterbypollutionindicesorderwhichwasammoniaNtotalPtotalNAsCuCODcrFeMninpigfarms;NH4+TNFeCODcrTPMnAsHg,incattlefarms;andTPNH4+AsTNCODcrFeMninpoultryfarms,whichshowsthatTP,AN,As,TN,CODcr,FeandMnarethecommonfactorsforpollutionbesidestheindividualfactorsofCuinpig'sandHgincattle's.Inaddition,thepollutionindexofpig'spollutionexceedingstandardfactoristhebiggest.Keywords:poultryscalecultivation;pollutionfactorsofwastewater;monitoringandevaluation514　　　　　　　　　　,: