传统生物脱氮反硝化过程的生化机理及动力学王淑莹

2008145):732~736ChinJApplEnvironBiol=ISSN1006-687X2008-10-25DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1145.2008.00732***(100022)BiochemicalReactionMechanismandKineticsofDenitrification*WANGShuying**,SUNHongwei,YANGQing&PENGYongzhen(KeyLaboratoryofBeijingforWaterQualityScienceandWaterEnvironmentRecoveryEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing100022,China)AbstractConventionalbiologicaldenitrificationincludesaserialsofbiologicalreductionprocesseswithnitrateaselectronacceptor,bythecatalysisofcorrespondingnitratereductase(NaR),nitritereductase(NiR),nitricoxidereductase(NoR)andnitrousoxidereductase(N2oR).Thebiochemicalreactionmechanismandkineticsofdenitrificationarethetheoreticalfoundationofbiologicalnitrogenremoval.Inordertopromotefurtherdevelopmentofbiologicalnitrogenremoval,itisnecessaryandsignificanttounderstandthecomplexbiochemicalreactionmechanismsofbiologicaldenitrificationanditselectronflowandenergyproductionpathway.Thispaper,throughthediscussionofthecomplexmechanisms,putsforwardthecomplexbiochemicalreactionprocessofbiologicaldenitrification,includingmanyenzymesandvariousintermediateproducts,andinvolvingelectronflow(energyproduction),analyzestheelectrontransfermodelinwhichelectrontransfersfromNADHtoterminalelectronacceptor,andthetypeofenergyproductionbasedonthechemiosmotichypothesisestablishedbyPeter,andalsoproposestoadaptintegralanddifferentialmethodstosolvethekineticsconstantvaluesνmax,NO3μDmaxKS,NO3-Fig1,Ref27Keywordsdenitrification;biochemicalmechanism;kinetics;electronflowCLCX703.1..,.,()NADHPeter.νmax,NO3μDmaxKS,NO3-.127;;;CLCX703.1:2007-08-13:2008-04-19*(No.2006BAC19B03)SupportedbytheKeyTechnologyR&DProgramforthe11thFive-yearPlanofChina(No.2006BAC19B03)**Correspondingauthor(E-mail:[e-mail])[1]..+V+IIIN-IIOH2OOH.Sharma[2](1977).YeRW[3](1994)Loosdrecht[4](1998).Feleke[5]Killingstad[6]Rijn[7].Madigan[8](1997).[9]..HenzeGrady(1987)IAWPRCASMI[10]....1.[9]...[11].ChunChinWang[12]ABS7335.OskarModina[13].,ProteobacterProteobacterProteobacterα-Proteobacteriaβ-Proteobacteriaγ-Proteobacteriaε-Proteobacteri..1.1.4().(Nitratereductase,NaR).2289.2kjeHNOHNOOmol3221NaR+++--+--(1)N5+N3+,+O2-2H+H2O.82.9kJmol-1.NaRO2.Kirstein[14].(Mo)CytbCytc.(Nitritereductase,NiR)NONO.32.9kj2eNOHNOHOmol221NiR-+++-+-(2)N3+N2+2H+O2-H2O.NiR[15].cd1Cytcd1CuCu(Mr)120×10336×103.NiRMr63×103pH6.1[16].(NOoxidoreductase,NoR)NON2O.22226.4kjeH2NOHNOOmol221NoR+++-+-(3)2e2H+NON2OH2OWalter[17]NoRbc.Mr53×10316.5×103.CytbCytc.(N2Oreductase,N2oR)N2ON2.2261.8kjeH2NOHNOmol2221NoR2+++-+-(4)2eN2O(+IN)N2(0N)—.PatrickWu[18]N2oRMr67×103Cu.261.8kJmol-1.604kJmol-1ATP11.5molATP..1.21.1mol78.[8](NADHFPFeSCoQCytbCytbc1Cytc).3(1)[19]NAD+/NADH(0.32V)FP(0.30V)FeS(0.18V)Cytbox/red(+0.030V)Cytbc1(+0.032V)CoQ/CoQH2(+0.100V)Cytcox/red(+0.254V)NO3-/NO2-(+0.433V).(2)FeS.CoQ(Q)[20].(3)NaRCoQNiRNoRN2oRCytc[21~22].1.NADHNADH2e2H+FPFP2eFeS2H+.FeS2eCoQ.,.CoQNaRCytbNO3-.CoQCytbc1Cytbc1CoQCytcCytc1eNiRCytcd1Cytcd1.CytcNO2-NO.Cytc2eNoRCytbc.N2oRCuCytc2eN2oRCuN2ON2..[23]Cytbc1CoQCoQ-bc1CoQ.CoQ(CoQH2)Cytbc1CoQH2CoQ(CoQH)CoQHCytbc1Cytbc1CytbCoQH2,CoQ.CoQCytbc1CoQH2CoQHCytc.1.3ATP[24].73414ChinJApplEnvironBiolPeterMitchel[25].(+0.42V)O2(+0.82V)ATP.2Monod[26]Barker[27].(1)(2)(3)νmax,NO3μD,maxKS,NO3-(4).2.1Monod1()txKddXSS,NOSDTD,max3==+nn-(5)μD—(d-1)μDmax—(d-1)X—(mgL-1)S—(mgL-1)KS,NO3-—(mgL-1).2.1.1.unet=uDKd(6)unet—(d-1)Kd—(d-1).uuK11tCnetdD==-i(7)θC—(d).uuK11CminnetdD$=-i(8)Kd0.04d-1[2].2.1.2,K,maxDS,NO3n-..(A)xt.,.(a)tSSXxKdd,S,NOmaxD3n=+-(b)xtxxtSlnK11,,maxmax0DS,NOD3=+-nn-(9)(c)(9)y=ax+b1Sxxtln0-.KmaxD,S,NO3n-K1S,NO3--1maxD,n.(B).,.(a)1Fig.1BiochemicalreactionofdenitrificationandelectronflowpathwayCM:;O:;i:;NaR:;NiR:;NoR:;N2oR:;Cyt-;NAD::FP-;FeS:;CoQ:QCM:Cytoplasmicmembrane;O:Outofmembrane;I;Internalofmembrane;NaR:Nitratereductase;NiR:Nitritereductase;NoR:Nitricoxidereductase;N2oR:Nitrousoxidereductase;Cyt:Cytochrome;NAD:Nicotinamideadeninedinucleotide;FP:Flavoproteins;FeS:Iron-sulfurproteins;CoQ:CoenzymeQ7355(10).txx1Dtn=DD(10)μDt[g()g-1(d-1]x(mgVSSL-1)x∆(mgVSSL-1).(b)Kss,maxDDS,NO3=+nn-SK111,,maxmaxDDS,NOD3=+nnn-(11)(c)(11)1/S~1/μD.2.2vX1dtdSNO3=--(12)vNO3-—[mg(NO3-)mg(VSS)-1d-1])./tXtSYvddddDDNO3=-=-n-(13)YD—[mg(VSS)mg(NO3-)-1YD0.6~1.2[2].(12)(6)SSSSvYKYYK1,,,maxmaxNODDDSNODDDS,NO333#=-=-+=-+nnn---(14)vD,max=,(14)SSvvK,maxNONOS,NO333=-+---(15)v,maxNO3-—.2.2.1..SSvvK,S,NOmaxNONO333=-+h---(16)η—.[2]η0.2~0.8ηSRTBOD.η.DO(0.2mg/L).DO0.2mgL-1DO(17)()()SSvvKKKKNONODO,’’maxS33NONOS,NOOO333=+++-----(17)'OK—DO0.1~0.2mgL-1KS,NO3-—0.1mgL-1[28].2.2.2v,maxNO3-KS,NO3-v,maxNO3-KS,NO3-.(A)St.(a)(11)(13)vKddtSSSX,maxNOS,NO33-=+--(b)()()SSSSSSlnKvtK1,tttmax000S,NONOtS,NO333-=-----(18)S0—t=0(mgL-1)St—t(mgL-1).(c)(18)y=ax+bSSXtt0t-()lnNNSS00tt-..Kv,maxS,NONO33--v1,maxNO3-K1S,NO3--.(B).(a).vx1ts,NOt3D=D-(19)v,NOt3-[mg(NO3-)mg(VSS)-1d-1]113dmgVSSmgNO−−−⋅⋅)x[mg(VSS)L-1]S∆ΔS-(mgL-1)(b)vvKSS,NOtmax,NOS,NO333=+---vvKv111SmaxmaxNO,t,NOS,NO,NO3333=+----(20)(c)(20)1/S~/v1NO,3-.YDD,maxn73614ChinJApplEnvironBiol...34.NADHNO3-NO3-2N.,ATP.O2ATP.-Monod.....References1EddyM.WastewaterEngineeringTreatmentandReuse.4thed.B