船舶压载水处理技术及其优缺点冯云霄

21　4Vol.21,　No.4201012JournalofGeologicalHazardsandEnvironmentPreservationDecember2010:　1006-4362(2010)04-0077-05:　2010-06-29　　:　2010-09-19冯云霄,杨琴,方振东,张楷(,　401331):　,。,,。,,。,。:　;;:　U675.9　　:　A　　、、、。1/3[1],,[2]。,,。。,120×108t9,4500,500,1.1[3]。,,、。10～200μm,103～104cells/l[4]。,,,[5]。,,,。、,;,。,,。(、)。1　1.1　。[6],,95%～98%。500μm50μm,,,。,25μm74%～94%,50μm82%～95%,10[7]。,,,,,,。,[8]。,,,,。,。,,,。1.2　,,,,,。,1.05,1.10[9],。,。,[10]。,3000kg2900m3/h。,,,、,、、,。。1.3　[11],40～50℃,,38～50℃,2～4h,,,。35～38℃,4～5h,。,50℃,。70～85℃,38～45℃[12],,,。,,,。,,。,,,。、。,,,,,。1.4　,,DNA,,,,。[13],、。UV。NRC[14],,UV,、。240～260nm,253.7nm。。,,,2～3[15]。,。,,,,、、。(),,,,。,。2　2.1　。。,、、、。[16],2.5ppm、10ppm,、;100ppm。。pH,。,1,3,5,10mg/l,,78201076.4%[17]。[18],5～10mg/l;,5mg/l。20mg/l,。5mg/l99.85%、100%85.2%;20mg/l。,。,,,。,,。2.2　,。[19],10～50mg/l,1%。,:,。,。,,。2.3　,。,,。[20],,、,,DNARNA,,,,,。,。[21],。,。,,,。。,,。2.4　、、、[22],·OH、HOO·、O·—2,。FentonFenton、、、、、。,,。,。,:(1)、、。·OH,2.80V,106～109/[l/(mol·s)]。(2)。·OH,569.3kJ,,。(3),,,,。(4),。,。、、。3　、[23]。,,。4　1。1,,7921　4、、,:　　　　　　　　、。,、。,,,。,NEITreatmentSystems,LLCVOS、PureBallast、PeracleanOcean[24]。,。,。,,,、。1　Table1　ComparisonofTechnologies,,,,,,,,,,,、、,,pH、、,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[1]　.[J].,2004,25(2):16-20.[2]　,.[J].,2004,28(2):10-12.[3]　.“”[J].,1999,20(4):20-22.[4]　,,.[J].,2009,28(2):229-235.[5]　.[J].,2000,(4):279.[6]　,,.[J].,2004,(3):64-66.[7]　,,,.[J].,2001,(4):50-54.[8]　LiFeng.TechniquesforBallastWaterTreatmentandTheirAdvantagesandDisadvantage[J].JournalofDalianMaritimeUniversity,2009,35(7):55-57.[9]　ArmstrongG.BallastSystemDesignforFlow-ThroughEx-changeofBallastWater[J].TransactionsInstituteofMarineEngineers,1997,25(2):22-25.[10].[J].,2001,24(3):40-44.[11],.[J].,2003,29(8):52-56.[12]GEOFFR,ALANHT.BallastWaterTreatmenttoMinimisetheRisksofIntroducingNonindigenousMarineOrganismsintoAustralian[R].2001.[13]LuWeicai.MainTechniquesofBallastWaterTreatment[J].JournalofDalianMaritimeUniversity,2009,35(5):22-25.[14]NRC.StemmingtheTide:ControllingIntroductionofNonin-digenousSpeciesbyShipsBallastWater[R].1996:53-60.[15]NRC.CommitteeonShipsBallastWater[R].NationalRe-searchCouncil,1996:53-60.[16].[J].,1999,(4):3-5.[17]LIFang,LIWei.TheTreatmentandDevelopmentofShipOsBallastWaterPollution[J].ChinaWaterTransport,2007,7(5):22-24.[18]LefterisKaraminas.BallastWaterTreatmentTechnologyCurrentStatus[C].LioydsRegisterEMEA,2008:20-23.[19],,.[M].,2002.[20].[J].,2000.[21].[J].,2005,(3):11-13.[22]HW,Prengle.ExperimentalRateConstantandReactorCon-siderationsfortheDestructionofMicropollutantsandTriha-lomethanePrecursorsbyOzonewithUVRadiations[J].Envi-ronmentScienceandTechnology,1983,17(4):743.[23],,,.802010[J].,2002,24(4):56-58.[24]LAFONTAINEYD,DESPATIESP,WILEYC.EffectivenessandPotentialToxicologicalImpactofthePERACLEANOceanBallastWaterTreatmentTechnology[J].EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety,2008,71:355-369.TECHNOLOGIESOFBALLASTWATERTREATMENTANDTHEIRADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGESFengYun-xiao,YangQin,FangZhen-dong,ZhangKai(LogisticEngineeringUniversity,Chongqing　401331,China)Abstract:　Theballastwaterisnecessaryforthenavigation,butsimultaneouslyisseriouslyharmfulfortheecologicalenviron-mentoftheocean.Therelatedcountriesandorganizationsintheworldappealedthattakethereasonableandeffectivemanage-mentmeasuresandthetreatmenttechnologiestoguaranteetheballastwaterdischargedwithhazard-free.Tofundamentallysolvetheballastwaterproblemsonlydependingonthemanagementmeasuresisnotenough,andalsoneedstostudytheeffec-tivetreatmenttechnologies.Therefore,thisarticlewasbrieflyintroducewidelyusedballastwatertreatmenttechnologiesandanalyzeadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachtechnology.Keywords:　ballastwater;treatmenttechnology;advantagesanddisadvantages:　(1986-　),,,。(上接第56页)USINGNITROGENANDOXYGENISOTOPETECHNIQUESTOIDENTIFYTHESOURCESOFNITRATEINSUBTERRANEANSTREAMOFZHAIDI,GUILINWangSong1,2,PeiJian-guo1,LiangJian-hong1(1.InstituteofKarstGeology,CAGS,KarstDynamicsLaboratory,MLR,Guilin　541004,China;2.GuangdongEngineeringInvestigationInstitute,Guangzhou　510500,China)Abstract:　Nitrate(NO-3)contaminationofgroundwaterisacrucialenvironmentalprobleminmanyregionsoftheworld,whichresultsfromintensiveagriculturalactivities,industrializationandurbanization.KnowledgeofthesourcesofNO-3con-taminationingroundwaterisimportantfordrinkingwaterprotection,especiallyforsensitivekarstaquifersinsouthwestChina.δ15Nandδ18OdataofNO-3havebeenfrequentlyusedtoidentifyNO-3sourcesingroundwater.Inthispaperatypicalsubterra-neanriverinkarstregions,ZhaidisubterraneanstreamandotherfiveswereinvestigatedinZhaidibasin.Basedonwaterhydro-chemicaldata,δ15Nandδ18OdataofNO-3provideevidenceforthesourceofdominantNO-3inZhaidisubterraneanriver,whichismainlyfromfarmyardmanure.Keywords:　Nitrogenisotope(δ15N);oxygen(δ18O)isotope;sourcesofnitrate;subterraneanstream:　(1983-　),,,、。8121　4、、,: