德国的污泥利用和处置

()X(FiW):,:;;;;;;;:X532:A:1002-1264(2000)01-0043-05SewageSludgeTreatment,UseandDisposalinGermanyYAOGang(ResearchInstituteforWater-andWasteManagement)Abstract:Inthearticleashortoverviewaboutsewagesludgetreatment,useanddisposalisgiven.ThedevelopmentoflegislationinwastedisposalinGermanyaredescribed.ThemainsubjectsinsewagesludgeordinanceoftheEuro2peanCommunityandGermanyarecompared.Thedevelopmentinquantityofsewagesludgeandthecomponentsdur2ingthelastdecadesinGermanyisanalysedwithadetaileddescriptionandcomparisonoftheprocessesforsewagesludgeutilizationanddisposal.Keywords:sewagesludge;waste;methane;heavymetal;legislation;use;treatment;disposal11.1,,,197267(AbfG)(AbfG1972),1987332,1982115(AbfKlaeV)1986827,(),,:,,,,1992415199478,199691.2,,3413120002URBANENVIRONMENT&URBANECOLOGYVol13,No.1Feb.2000X:1999-09-30©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(AbfKlaeV)1986612,1231mg/kg86/278/EWGA(1982625)(1992415)Pb50-300100100Cd1-331.5/1a)Cr100-150b)100100Cu50-14010060Ni30-705050Hg1-1.521Zn150-300300200/150a)5%,pH5-6;:();b)2mg/kg86/278/EWGB(1982625)(1992415)Pb750-12001200900Cd20-402010/5a)Cr1000-1500b)1200900Cu1000-17501200800Ni300-400200200Hg16-25258Zn2500-400030002500/2000b)a)5%,pH5-6;:();b)123,:;5t3,10,,(Cr)10(3);3kg/hm2aPbCdCrCuHgNiZn150.153a)120.13301.50.016/0.008c)1.51.3330.0130.334.17/3.33b)1.20.0241.21.20.0240.2450.830.0171.331.330.0170.1653.330.40.01-----330.17339.30.072.31910.0211.20.020.240.30.015130.0080.5102.40.06330.030.69a);b)5%,pH5-6;c),;,:PCB:0.2mg/kgPCDD/PCDF:100mg(TCDD-)/kgAOX:500mg/kg2,,5200m3(95%)55%,25%,15%,5%Kassner(1),20006000m3(95%),3000t1441312000©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:(CH4)63%-68%,65%(CO2)32%-37%,35%0%-0.2%()0%-0.2%()0%-0.1%()2.3-2.5kJ/m3,1.8kJ/m3,()35%-45%,55%-65%1951,,(--)(5%-10%),---,--2%-3%-,-75%,70%6,4(:),()4.1,,44%%%%t/a283537-2500005743--35000432928-150000275320-900000256510-27500001090--2000002334-4323000345511-8000008020--1500053291082800008012-82000006110-293000006040--180000503020-25000051165281500000:OsloCommission.WaterResearchCenter.WaterServicesAs2sociation.EWPCA4,1990250t25%-30%1986199047.6t71.4t,47%,24%30%54©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(PCBs)/(PCDD/PCDF),Schenkel25(),,(),,,/6PCB-PCDD/PCDF,,PCDD/PCDF-,(:2000t/hm2-),PCDD/PCDF,28-1560ng/kg202ng/kg:PCDD/PCDF300,:65%50ng/kg;80%100ng/kg();2%200ng/kg,80%565(mg/kg)CdCuNiPbZnHgCr32.53223411310452.3621992415108002009002500250090036(mg/kg)CdCuNiPbZnHgCr19826250.167.634.5314.726.70.0511.50.3317.621.526.6710.1728.3-0.3217.522.525.961.70.1229.7-19826250.28.25.816.535.70.0613.5-0.199714340.0414-1982625310050100300210019924151.56050100200110056,19822,40%219831989,7(CdPbZn-)(Zn)165,,641312000©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(mg/kg)(kg/hm2)1)0.330.9926.678712131.67t(kg/hm2a)0.0050.2522.42)(kg/hm2a)0.0010.0630.14()3)(kg/hm2a)0.0020.080.201.67t/hm24)(a)8777231651),0.2m;2),Mueller.(1990)3)Hovand(Sauerbeck,1985)4):Cd1.5mg/kg,Pb100mg/kg,Zn200mg/kgNiers,1m30.57L,60%16km10m3(5.5%)47.85tP2O529.15t(12.5t),1kg60MJ60MJ16.6KWh,125t200KWh,():,1982,1985,1986-1991,1997,1994199812200018,2000,,(),4001999,,,,2000,,,,,,,:1999,,,,,3831,3831,,,,,2000,,,,()74©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.