底泥的氮磷释放及其微生物影响的研究张恒军

:1004-7204(2003)-0020-04、张恒军,吴群河(中山大学环境科学与工程学院环境科学研究所,广州510275):氮和磷在自然界的循环已经引起了人们的关注,一方面因为氮和磷是生态系统中必不可少的营养元素,另一方面过剩的氮和磷会导致水域的富营养化,从而使生态平衡遭受破坏。本文综述了水体沉积物中氮和磷受微生物作用进行释放的影响,以及国内外的研究历史和现状。总结了氮磷微生物代谢的特点,并阐述了与传统认识相区别的最新发现和思想。本文试图从理论上说明微生物的氮磷释放机理,通过生物化学和分子动力的角度解释了细菌对氮磷的吸收和释放,即质子动势理论和Pho调控理论。目前,这一领域研究的热点是为了特殊的使用用途对于高效微生物的分离鉴别和组合培养,和对氮磷代谢的影响因素。:氮;磷;底泥;微生物:X820.3　　　　　　　:ATHERELEASEOFPHOSPHOROUSANDNITROGENFROMSEDIMENTANDTHEEFFECTSOFMICROORGANISMZHANGHeng-jun,WUQun-he(TheresearchinstituteofenvironmentalscienceofTheZhongshanUniversity,510275,Guangzhou,China)Abstract:Scientistshavepaidgreatattentionontherecycleofphosphorousandnitrogeninnature.Althoughthephosphorousandnitrogenaretheindispensableelementsforecosystem,thehighnutrientconcentrationinwaterbodieswillinduceeutrophication,andwilldeteriorateecosystem.Inthepaper,thestudyonthereleas-ingofphosphorousandnitrogenfromsedimentandtheeffectsofmicroorganismhavebeensummarized,andtheprocessesofstudyinthecountryandabroad.Bythesum-upofthecharactersofmicrobiologicalmetabolismofNandP,somenewideasandrecoverieswerefound,whichidentifiedfromthetraditionaltheories.AlsotheauthorhastriedtosolvethemechanicsofthereleaseofNandP.Theuptakeandreleaseaffectedbybacteriawereexplainedthroughthetheoryofbiochemistry,includethetheoryoftheprotonmotiveforce(PMF)andthePhoregulator.Atpresent,oneofthestudyfocusesisthecombinationscreeningandisolationofhigheffectivemicroorganismforspecialuse,andanotheristhestudyoffactorsthatinfluencesthemetabolismofNandP.Keywords:Nitrogen;Phosphorous;Sediment;Microorganism1　。[1-2]。。,,[3-6]。。,:2003-02:(1979-),,,。·20·2003　　　　　　　　　《环境技术》　　　　　　　　　　　··,[7]。2080,[8]。,1984[9],。SureshN1985[10]。,[11-12]。,。1998[13-14],,,,。1999JeffMorin[4],,。2　2.1　2.1.1,。1992JamesB.cotnerJr[14],。MatsJanson[15],Michaelis-Menten,。[16]1994,,、,。[17]2001。2.1.2　,。,Pho。,,(PMF),[20]。[21],,,PHB,。PHB,PHB,PMFATP。(Alcaligeneseutrophus)PHB[22],,PHB,,。,,,ATP,ATP。[23],Pho。,。,Pho。2.2　2.2.1　[20、24-27],。,、、,。。(1),。,。PH。(2),N2ON2,。,、·21···　　　　　　　　　　　《环境技术》　　　　　　　　　2003、。2.2.2　,。[28]、、,,,,。,、。8090,[29],。,,,[30]。[31]。N2ONO,,。T.Usui,I.Koike[32]15N,N2O,(Tama,)N2O,NO3-O2。,O3-+NO2,N2ON2O。3　3.1　,。[33],,;,;[34],,PCR、。,[35],;C.ShekharNau-tiyal[36],。,。3.2　。,,,。3.2.1　,。[37]、、,,。[30],,,。C.ShekharNautiyal[36]Ca2+EDTA。T.Ku-ba[38],。3.2.2　,,,。[18],,。。[19]。ATP,。,·22·2003　　　　　　　　　《环境技术》　　　　　　　　　　　··。FatimahM.yusoff[39](Chaetoceroscalcitrans),(Nannochloropsisoculata)(Oscillatoriasp),,,。,,。,,,。,,[40]。,,。,,;;;,,。:[1]　,.[J].,1997,17(2).[2]　.,,2002,22(2).[3]　.[J].(),1998,9.[4]　JeffMorin,JohnW.Morse,Ammoniumreleasefromresus-pendedsedimentsintheLagunaMadreestuary,MarineChemistry65199997-110.[5]　W.F.Hu,W.Lo,H.Chua,S.N.Sin,P.H.F.Yu,Nu-trientreleaseandsedimentoxygendemandinaeutrophicland-lockedembaymentinHongKong,EnvironmentInternation-al26(2001)369±375.[6]　.[J].,1991,13(5).[7]　IngemarAhlgenect,,AMBIO,23(6),1994。().[8]　G.CHoldrenetc,factorsaffectingphosphorusreleasefromintactlakesedimentcores,Environ.Sic,andTech.,14(1),1980.[9]　.[J].,1984,4(4).[10]　.[J].,1991,13(5).[11]　.[J].,1992,1.[12]　JamesB.cotnerJretc,Uptakeofdissolvedinorganicandorganicphosphoruscompoundsbyphytoplanktonandbacteri-oplankton,Limnol.Oceanography,37(2),1992.[13]　.[J].,1998,18(2).[14]　.[J].,1997,23(3).[15]　MatsJanson,Uptake,exchange,andexcretionofor-thophosphateinphosphate-starvedScenedesmusquadri-caudaandPseudomonasK7,Limnol.Oceanography,38(6),1993.[16]　.[J].,1994,14(4).[17]　.[J].,2001,14(2).[18]　.[J].,1996,15(1).[19]　.[J].,2000,12(4).[20]　.[M].,1998,8,.[21]　.PHB[J].,2000,16(7).[22]　JianpingWangetc,Kineticanalysisoninhibitedgrowthandpoly(3-hydroxybutyrate)formationofAlcaligeneseutro-phusonacetateundernutrient-richconditions,ProcessBiochemistry,36,2000,201-207.[23]　.[J].,1998,25(5).[24]　.[J].,2002,18(1),42-45.[25]　.[M].,1996.[26]　.NO[J].,1995,17(4).(下转第27页)·23···　　　　　　　　　　　《环境技术》　　　　　　　　　20034　,SQC。,,。、,,SQC。SQC,,。(RangeBand)(Threshold),。SQC、,SQCSQC。:[1]　,.[J].,1992,11(3).[2]　.[J].,1993,12(5).[3]　ChapmanPM,1989.CurrentApproachestoDevelopingSed-imentQualityCriteria.Environ.Toxicol.Chem.,8.[4]　,.[J].,1997,17(3).[5]　,,.[J].,2001,2.[6]　,.[J].I.CBT(Triad).,1999,19(2).[7]　LeonardEN,etal.Evaluationofmetalsinmarineandfreshwatersurficialsedimentsfromtheenvironmentalmonitor-ingandassessmentprogramrelativetotheproposedsedimentqualitycriteriaformetals[J].Environ.Toxicol.Chem.,1996,15(上接第23页)[27]　R.M.Awadallahetc.,Bacterialremovalofnitrate,nitriteandsulphateinwastewater,Wat.Res.,32(10),1998,3080-3084.[28]　.[J].,2002,23(3).[29]　J.GijisKuenenetc,combinednitrification-denitrificationprocess,FEMSMicrobiologyReview,15,1994,109-117.[30]　.[J].,2002,15(3).[31]　.[J].,2002,24(3).[32]　T.Usui,I.KoikeandN.Ogura,N2OProduction,Nitrifi-cationandDenitrificationinanEstuarineSediment,Estuar-ine,CoastalandShelfScience,52,2001,769-781.[33]　.[J].,2002,23(5).[34]　.[J].,2002,20(3).[35]　.[J].,2002,35(5).[36]　C.ShekharNautiyaletc,Stressinducedphosphatesolubi-lizationinbacteriaisolatedfromalkalinesoils,FEMSMicro-biologyLetters,182,2000,291-296.[37]　.[J].,1997,17(1).[38]　T.Kuba,effectofcyclicoxygenexposureontheactivityo