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44200612JournalofWaterResourcesandArchitecturalEngineeringVol.4No.4Dec.,2006 :2006-06-19 :2006-07-10:(040122);(05JJ30121):(1982—),(),,,。:(1966—),(),,,。曹晓静,张 航(,410075) :。,:StreeterPhelps、QUASAR、QUAL、WASP、MIKE,。:;StreeterPhelps;QUASAR;QUAL;WASP;MIKE:X824 :A :1672—1144(2006)04—0018—04CommentaryonStudyofSurfaceWaterQualityModelCAOXiao-jing,ZHANGHang(CollegeofInformationScienceandEngineering,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha,Hu'nan410075,China)Abstract:Thewaterqualitymodelisanefficienttoolforwaterpollutioncontrolandwaterqualityplanning.Thisarticlepresentstheclassificationanddevelopmentofthesurfacewaterqualitymodel,andintroducesthemainsurfacewaterqualitymodelsandsoftwares:StreeterPhelpsmodel,QUASARmodel,QUALmodel,WASPmodelandMIKEmodel.Italsodescribesthestudyandapplicationforthesurfacewaterqualitymodel,andprospectsthedevelopingtrendofthemodel.Keywords:waterqualitymodel;StreeterPhelpsmodel;QUASARmodel;QUALmodel;WASPmodel;MIKEmodel0 前 言[1],[2]。1925StreeterPhelps[3],80,,、、、、、、[4]。[5]:(2020~70),,,,,。(2070~80),。,,。、,、、,,,,,。(2080),、,。,,:、、、。。1 地表水质模型的分类1[5]。1 、、、,、,、、BODDO、,、、、,,;,,;,,;,、、,;;,、、、、;;;,,;,、,,;,2 几种主要的地表水质模型2.1StreeterPhelps2.1.1 StreeterPhelps方程StreeterPhelpsBODDO[6]:①BOD,-K1C;②BOD,BOD,,:UCx=-K1CUOx=-K1C-K2(Os-O)UDx=K1C-K2D:U(m/s);CBOD(mg/L);O(mg/L);x、(km);D,OsO(mg/L);K1BOD,BOD,1/d;K2,1/d。2.1.2 StreeterPhelps方程修正式 (1) StreeterPhelps,,,。,,。(2) 、,,StreeterPhelps、。(3) ,StreeterPhelps。(4) BOD,,,StreeterPhelps。(5) 5BODBOD,BODBOD(CBOD)BOD(NBOD),BOD。2.2 QUASARQUASAR(QualitySimulationAlongRiverSys-tem)Whitehead[7,8],,3:PCQUASAR、HERMESQUESTOR。QUASAR194 ,:。PCQUASARQUESTOR(QualityEvaluationSimula-tionToolforRiverSystem),、。QUASAR:BOD、DO、、、pH、。QUASAR,。,、,、。QUASAR,,,:Ct=Q′(C′-C)V+ΔC:C;C′;Q′;V;ΔC[7]。QUASAR、,、、,,LOIS[7],。2.3 QUALQUAL,1970QUALⅠ,1973QUALⅡ,,QUAL2E、QUAL2EUNCAS,QUAL2K。、QUAL2K[9],QUAL2EQUAL2K,QUAL2KQUAL2E,QUAL2K。QUALWINDOWS。QUAL:①,;②,、。,;③,、、、、。,QUAL:Ct=(AxExCx)Axx-(AxUC)Axx+ScAxΔx:Axx(m2);U(m/s);Ex(m2/s);Δx(km);Sc(mg/Ld)。QUAL15,:BOD、DO、、———a、、、、、、、、3[10,11]。QUAL(、),。,。QUAL,,,、、,,[4,12]。2.4 WASPWASPAthens1983,、、、、[10]。,WASP6,WASP6WINDOWS,DOS10。WASP6:DYNHYD5WASP6,,。DYNHYD5,WASP6。WASP6:EUTROTOXI,:①,BOD、DO、P、N,EUTRO;②,、、,TOXI。WASP、、,WASP:t(AC)=x(-UxAC+ExACx)+A(SL+SB)+ASK:SL;SB;SK,,。20 4,WASP,,DOSWASP5,[13],、WINDOWSWASP5,[14]。2.5 MIKEMIKE(DHI)[15],MIKE1Ⅰ,、、。、、、、DO、BOD、、、、、。,,MIKE1Ⅰ[15]。MIKE1Ⅰ,DHIMIKE2ⅠMIKE3Ⅰ。,。,,。3 我国地表水质模型的研究现状,,,。,。,WASP,,,、、,,GIS,[15];、Hwqnow,、,、,、、、,[16];、Koutitas,,,,,[17];,,。4 地表水质模型研究的发展方向,,[18,19]:,、,,;,、、,、、,;,;,,。,,,,。:(1)。,,,,,,、,。(2)。,,,,,。(3)(GIS)。GIS,,,,,。(下转第52页)214 ,:5 结 语、。200112,20038。2004711,。,。,。:[1] .[J].,1999,18(1):5-10.[2] .[J].,2005,24(3):67-69.[3] .[J].,2000,19(6):8-12.[4] .[M].:,2002. (上接第21页) (RS),,[20]。,。(4)。。,,,、,。,、。,,、、,。:[1] ,,.[J].,2005,(1):42-44.[2] SusilowatiY,MengkoT.R.,Rais.J.Waterqualitymodelingforenvironmentalinformationsystem[C].The2004IEEEAsiaPacificConferenceonCircuitandsys-tem,2004,2:929-932.[3] ,,.WARMF[J].,2005,16(2):289-294.[4] .QUAL-Ⅱ[J].,1990,2(1):32-35.[5] KoontanakulvongS.DevelopmentandapplicationofWa-terQualityModelinurbandrainageplanning[C].FiniteElemWaterResourceProcIntConf,1992,2:753-761.[6] ,,.S-P[J].,2004,31(1):86-87.[7] ,.QUASAR[J].,2005,15(2):172-173.[8] WhiteheadPG,WilliamsRJ,LewisDR.Qualitysim-ulationalongriversystems(QUASAR)modeltheoryanddevelopment[J].SciTotalEnviron,1997.447-456.[9] ,.———QUAL2K[J].,2003,10(1):4-7.[10] ,,,.[J].,2001,17(2):7-11.[11] ,,.QUAL2E[J].,2004,20(3):1-4.[12] ,.[M].:,1985:118-134.[13] ,.GISWASP5[J].(),2001,41(8):125-128.[14] ,.WASP[J].,2005,21(4):8-10.[15] ,.[J].,2003,22(2):79-85.[16] ,,.[J]..1996,4(1):99-110.[17] .[D][].:,2001.[18] EdwinD.Ongley.Waterqualitymanagement:design,financingandsustainabilityconsiderationⅡ[C].InproceedingsoftheAfricanwaterresourcespolicyconfer-ence,1999.[19] ,,.[J].,2002,24(2):109-115.[20] Mattikalli,NandishM,Enqman,EdwinT.Landsur-faceremotesensingandgeographicalinformationsys-temsforwaterqualitymodeling[J].Geoscienceandre-motesensingsymposium,1996,4:2237-2239.52 4
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