电化学废水处理技术及高效电催化电极的研究与进展冯玉杰

36　420044　　　　　　　　　JOURNALOFHARBININSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY　Vol.36No.4Apr.,2004　　　　　　冯玉杰,崔玉虹,孙丽欣,刘峻峰,蔡伟民(,150090,E-mail:[e-mail])　:为解决电化学水处理技术中提高电催化效率和延长电极寿命的问题,在综合以上两方面国内外的研究成果及解决途径的基础上,指出DSA电极因其高的稳定性,且可通过设计制备-定结构的表面涂层而获得具有不同结构的阳极材料;DSA电极用于有机物氧化降解存在直接和间接电化学氧化两种过程,而涂层表面结构中氧空位浓度与电极性质密切相关.:电催化氧化;废水处理;有机污染物;DSA电极:X510:A:0367-6234(2004)04-0450-06Developmentofelectro-chemicaltechnologyandhighefficiencycatalyticelectrodeforwastewatertreatmentFENGYu-jie,CUIYu-hong,SUNLi-xin,LIUJun-feng,CAIWei-min(SchoolofMunicipalandEnvironmentalEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150090,China,E-mail:[e-mail])Abstract:Thecharacteristics,principleandapplicationofelectrochemicaltechnologyandthecurrentefficiencyandtheservicelifeoftheelectrodesarereviewed.Akindofelectrodeswithhighcatalyticefficiency,dimensionallysta-bleanodes(DSA)anditsapplicationinorganicwastewatertreatmentarediscussedindetailwithpathwayofdegra-dationsuggestedforsomeorganics,suchasaromaticcompounds,andthepreparationofDSAanodeswasdiscussedaswell.Keywords:electro-oxidation;wastewatertreatment;organicpollutants;dimensionallystableanodes:2002-10-24.:(50278022);(HIT.2000.28).:(1966-),,,;(1946-),,,.　　,———(AOP).、、、、,.AOP,[1～4].,,、,[5].2040,,,,.2060,,.AOP,[5]:1),,;2)、,;3),、,;4),;5),,;6),;7),、(,),,;8),,,;9)、、;10),,.,“”,,[5].1　电化学水处理技术的基本原理及应用现状1.1　:“”,.H2O2,、,,.M,M,,.es()、HO·、HO2·、O2-,,[6,7].,,O2,H2O2,HO·,,、()、HCHOCN-[8～10].HO·,Fe2+,Fenton[11]:Fe2++H2O2※OH-+HO·+Fe3+,HO·.、,.NaCl[12],;ClO-,d[PhOH]/dt=k1[PhOH]+k2[PhOH][ClO-],,[PhOH];[ClO-]ClO-;k1;k2.Ch.Comninellis[13],Pt,CO2;HO·.1.2　,,、,.,.,,.,.[19,20],Cl-,;Cl-,,,Cl-,ClO-、O2.,Cl-,“”,,Cl-.[11,21],HO·(2.8V).,,(10-4s),,.,[5,37].B.Skad-berg[22]2,6-,pH、,:H22,6-;-.B.Skadberg:-,,H2,,.Y.sakakibara[23],H+、OH-、H2、NO3-·451·4,:、、,,-.　　,,.1.3　40,,.“”:,;,.,;,、.,,.、,.2　高效电催化电极的研究与应用　　/,.,,,.,.2.1　,,,(Fe※Fe2+,Cu※Cu2+),.Pt,,,,.,,.2.2　1968,,30,,DSA,DSE、PMTA、OCTA、ATA.DSA-,[24].DSA,、、、,,,、,、,().H.Beer[25]DSA,().DSA,30DSA,、,,TiRuO2,IrO2、、[26].,,,.,,PtO2Pt、,Ni[27,28].[29,30],,TOC,SbSnO2/TiPt.(Cl-,Cl2),,.DSA(、),.SteveK.Johneson[31],24h,1.08×10-4mg/LCOD1×10-6mg/L,98%.,(2.5×10-8mg/L).,S.Stucki[4]SbSnO2/Ti,30%～40%,COD(5～150)×10-4mg/L,30～50kWh/kg,O3、H2O2、、,.JamesD.Rodgers[32],0.1mA/cm2,PbO2/Ti,SnO2/Ti,IrO2/Ti·452·　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　36　50%.1991,S.Stucki[4,33]SnO2-Sb2O5,,;B.Correa-Loza[34],IrO2,SnO2-Sb2O5/IrO2/Ti,.,.[37],RuO2/Ti[36].,GdTi/RuO2[37],[38],,.2.3　DSADSA.、,.,,.,,.,、、、CVD、、、-.,..,PbO2α-PbO2,β-PbO2.PbO2.JamesD.Rodgers[32],α-PbO2.,PbO2,,RuO2[39].,Jarzebski[40],SnO2.,[41],SnO2-TiO2.,CVD,,,SnO2.,-,,[42],,.2.4　DSA,:1),CO2,:　　+.　　(),().2).,,CO2H2O.Ch.Comninellis[13,29,42],、.,Pt,IrO2/Ti,RuO2/Ti,,,SnO2/Ti、PbO2/Ti,,,.DSA,.Ch.Comninellis[6]DSA.“”,,;,.,,,().Comninellis:PtIrO2/Ti,SnO2/Ti.,,SnO2/Ti·453·4,:,IrO2/Ti.ComninellisDSA,,.[5,37,38],,、,,DSA,,.3　结　论1).2)DSA、.3)DSA,.4)DSA,()、().参考文献:[1]GATTRELLD,KIRKDW.Studyofelectrodepassivitydur-ingaqueousphenolelectrolysis[J].JournaloftheElectro-chemicalSociety,1993,140(4):903-911.[2]GANDINID,MAHEE,MICHAUDPA.Oxidationofcar-boxylicacidsatboron-dopeddiamondelectrodesforwastewa-ter[J].JournalofAppliedElectrochemistry,2000,30(12):1345-1350.[3]INIESTAJ,MICHAUDPA,CERISOLAG.Electrochemi-caloxidationofphenolatboron—dopeddiamondelectrode[J].ElectrochimicaActa,2001,46(23):3573-3578.[4]STUCKIS,K　TZR,CARCERB.Electrochemicalwastewatertreatmentusinghighovervoltageanodes:Anodeperfor-manceandapplications[J].JournalofAppliedElectrochem-istry,1991,21:99-104.[5],,　,.[M].:,2002.[6]COMNINELLISC.Electrocatalysisintheelectrochemicalconversion/combussionoforganicpollutantsforwastewatertreatment[J].ElectrochemicaActa,1994,39(11-12):1857-1862.[7]BECKF,SCHULZH.Cr-Ti-Sboxidecompositeanodes:Electro-organicoxidation[J].JournalofAppliedElectro-chemistry,1987,17:914-924.[8]DOJS,CHENCP.Insituoxidativedegradationofformaldehydewithhydrogenperoxideelectrogeneratedonthemodifiedgraphites[J].JournalofAppliedElectrochemistry,1994,24(9):936-942.[9]DOJS,CHENCP.Kineticsofsitudegradationofformaldehydewithelectro-generatedhydrogenperoxide[J].Industrial&EngineeringChemistryResearch,1994,33(2):387-394.[10]DOJS,YEHWC.Insitupairedelectro-oxidativedegra-dationofformaldehydewithelectro-generatedhydrogenper-oxideandhypo-chloriteion[J].JournalofAppliedElectro-chemistry,1998,28:703-710.[11]BRILLASE,BASTIDERM,LLOSAE.Electrochemicaldestructionofanilineand4-Chloroanilineforwastewatertreatmentusingacarbon-PTFEO2-fedcathode[J].JournalofElectrochemicalSociety,1995,142(6):1733-1741.[12],.[D].:,1997.[13]COMNINELLISC,PULGARINC.Anodicoxidationofphe-nolforwastewatertreatment[J].JournalofAppliedElectro-chemistry,1991,21(8):703-708.[14].[J].,1996,15(7):30-32,35.[15].[J].,1997,16(5):24-27.[16],,.[J].,2001,21(1):11-15.[17]CHIANGLC.Electrochemicaloxidationpretreatmentofre-fractoryorganicpollutants[J].WaterScience&Technolo-gy,1997,34(2-3):123-130.[18]SZPYRKOWICZL.ElectrochemicaltreatmentoftannerywastewaterusingTi/PtandTi/Pt/Irelectrodes[J].WaterResearch,1995,29(2):517-524.[19]CHIANGLC,CHANGJE,WENTC.Indirectoxidationeffectinelectrochemicaloxidationtreat