洞庭湖湿地保护区景观格局变化及原因分析石军南

30　6　　　　Vol.30　No.6　20106JournalofCentralSouthUniversityofForestry&Technology　Jun.20101,2,1(1.中南林业科技大学林业遥感信息工程中心,湖南长沙,410004;2.湖南省林业厅,湖南长沙,410007)　:　,。:;,,;。:、、、、。:　;;;;:　K928.43;Q16;X176:　A:　1673-923X(2010)06-0018-09AnanalysisonthevariationoflandscapepatternofDongtingLakeWetlandReserveSHIJun-nan1,XUYong-xin2,LIUQing-hua1(1.ForestryRemoteSensingandInformationEngineeringCenter,CentralSouthUniversityofForestryandTechnology,Changsha410004,Hunan,China;2.HunanProvincialDepartmentofForestry,Changsha410007,Hunan,China)Abstract:Thispaperadoptsthelandscapepatternindexesandthedynamicmodelstoquantitativelyanalyzethevari-ationofthewetlandlandscapepatternwhichextractedfromthemulti-timeremotesensingimagesofDongtingLakeWetlandReserve.Theresultindicatesthattheareaofthenaturalwetlandswasdecreasing,andtheareaofthearti-ficialwetlandswasincreasingrespectively;thewetlandslandscapepatternshadbecomemorecomplicated,theland-scapediversityofthewholewetlandlandscapewasgraduallyincreasing,theheterogeneitywasgraduallyenhan-cing,andthedegreeoflandscapefragmentationwasincreasing.Itisconsideredthatthewetlandlandscapechangewasprimarilyresultedfromsuchnaturalandartificialfactorastheclimatechange,mudsedimentation,farmingandaquaculturearoundthelake,replacingfarmlandintolakes,artificialcultivatingreedandplantingtreesatthelakebeach.Itprovidesthepolicy-makingreferenceforrelateddepartmenttoprotectandusethewetlandresourceinDongtingLake.Keywords:wetlandaroundlake;wetlandreserve;wetlandlandscape;landscapepatternindex;DongtingLake　　、[1]。,,[2]。[3]。　　:2009-09-10　　:“”(2006BAD23BO204-3);(GEF)“”———GEF　　:(1957-),,,、“3S”;:13875882533;E-mail:[e-mail]　　:,,DOI:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2010.06.001,[4]。,,“”。,,,,,,:、、、[5-7]。,。、,。,,、、、,。1　数据与处理平台1.1　数据源(1):1989、1996Landsat-TM2008CBERS-CCD(1)。(2):1∶100000(2)。1.2　数据处理平台ENVI4.2,ArcGIS9.0,Frag-stats3.3。1.3　湿地景观分类方法[8],Landsat-TMCBERS-CCD,,、、、、5,、、()3。2　研究方法2.1　研究方案,,,。1。1　　Fig.1　Theflowofgeneraltechnology1930　　　　　(1)(2)..2.2　景观格局指数和景观动态模型选取,,,[9]。,(ACA)、(DPD)、(IMSI)、(DMPFD)、Shannon(ISHDI)、(D)、(IFN)、。(1)(ACA)m,in,aij,:ACA=∑nj=1aij110000。(1)(2)(DPD)DPD=ni/(A×106)。(2)(ACA)。,。,,。(3)(ILSI,)ILSI=ei2πAi。(3)、。(),,。(4)(DMPFD)DMPFD=∑nj=1(2lnPijlnaij)ni。(4)。DMPFD1～2,DMPFD1,;,DMPFD2,。(5)Shannon(ISHDI)ISHDI=-∑mi=1(PilnPi)。(5)Shannon。,。,,,,ISHDI。(6)(D),。:D=lnm+∑ni=1(PilnPi)。(6),,;,。(7)(IFN)IFN1=(Np-1)/Nc。(7)IFN2=MPS(Nf-1)/Nc。(8),(IFN1)(IFN2),,、。(IFN)0～1,0,1。(8)(K),:K=Ub-UaUa×1T×100%。(9)(9):K;Ua、Ub;T。T,K,。3　湿地景观格局特征与变化分析3.1　湿地景观格局特征(1)20,:　　61、2、3。1　1989Table1　Thestatisticsoflandcapetypesfoundationalinformationin1989//km2/%/km2/km2/km2/km/km246782.59329.273.18133.1902.0903621.40314.72113126.0774.729.69839.7499.6981466.353112.796532523.86519.590.98526.0270.9853936.4607.399511534.99020.011.04734.6721.0474314.2898.4433515.4860.580.4422.1700.443252.1667.205247441.57616.511.78819.0451.7883193.46712.92947119.2284.462.53710.2632.537363.6417.7376123.0900.860.3790.3790.379223.7703.6689012.3600.460.1375.7450.008130.5311.45014393.9603.540.6576.3920.0541775.25712.41419252673.2251002　1996Table2　Thestatisticsoflandcapetypesfoundationalinformationin1996//km2/%/km2/km2/km2/km/km140819.31830.655.852205.0373.1153739.38326.71011187.0367.0117.00342.50010.5661610.019146.365541494.37318.490.91428.4500.9143334.8646.164412419.42815.691.0187.2191.0183501.1678.4985431.2421.160.5799.8740.579406.5427.529236452.02116.911.9159.1621.6233235.38613.70952126.6654.742.43638.4002.436386.0597.42411139.8271.490.3594.0900.359416.8533.75511816.1220.600.1375.4810.009196.7021.66710487.1933.260.8386.9750.0151476.44314.19717792673.2251003　2008Table3　Thestatisticsoflandcapetypesfoundationalinformationin2008//km2/%/km2/km2/km2/km/km258488.28718.271.893166.3282.1253330.79712.91019111.5304.175.87029.4399.4461384.92972.891679738.00727.611.08727.9040.7934785.1877.047721382.07314.290.52915.0121.0243909.6665.4233514.2370.530.4074.1060.407303.2968.666248539.91520.202.17728.3811.8223804.92815.3424199.9773.742.43844.0522.438286.7486.994355184.9136.920.5217.0380.5211444.2304.06810622.1570.830.2095.5030.007190.1951.7944792.1293.441.9608.6430.0071155.84224.59225092673.2251002130　　　　　　　(2)Shannon4。4　Table4　Landscapediversityindexanddominanceindexatdifferentstages198919962008(ISHDI)1.7951.8531.890(D)0.5070.4490.4123.2　湿地景观变化与分析(1)(ACA)2。1989～2008,、、4,、、、、6。,19891967.525km220081719.897km2。2　Fig.2　Thechangeofthepatchtotalareaoflandcapetypes,1989599.380km2,2008839.042km2,31.39%,5。(2)(K)(9),,6。5　Table5　Theareaandtheproportionofnaturalwetlandsandartificialwetlandsatdifferentstages198919962008/km2/%/km2/%/km2/%1967.52573.591920.15571.841719.89764.34599.38022.41649.75524.30839.04231.39,1989～2008,、、、、,;、、,。6　Table6　Dynamicsdimensionchangeofvarioustypeslandscapeatdifferentstages1989～19961996～20081989～2008-0.34%0.87%-0.66%1.20%2.43%2.10%0.67%-3.37%-1.98%6.91%-3.37%-0.60%-0.80%4.11%2.15%-3.09%-0.74%-1.50%14.53%-4.54%-0.42%0.34%1.62%1.17%0.89%-1.76%-0.85%10.36%30.36%36.87%　　(3)3。3,,200819891996,22,:　　6。4。3　　Fig.3　Patchshapeindexchangesofvarioustypeslandscapeatdifferentstages4　Fig.4　Meanpatchfr