洞庭湖湿地生态系统服务价值评估与生态恢复对策

5120073WETLANDSCIENCEVol.5No.1Mar.,2007:2006-10-08;:2007-01-25:(05A041),(06JJ2061)(04ZH3069):(1964-),,,,Emai:[e-mail]毛德华,吴峰,李景保,皮红莉(,410081):,,,,,,,,,,:;;;;:F062.2:A:1672-5948(2007)01-039-06,,:,(),,,;,,;,,,,1,18780km2,,[1],,,3[2],(1),222.1,,,:(Phragmitesaustralis)200/,t13261/hm2,503/hm2,4575/hm280104,t123.67104hm2,174.44104hm2,91.11104hm2[3]199912.00108[4],;0.1/m3,174108m3[5]RobertCostanza[6],(81),3512/hm2,,4051Table1TypesofecosystemserviceandtheirvaluefunctionsofDongtingLakewetland;;;;;;;2Table2EvaluationmethodsofecosystemservicevalueofDongtingLakewetland:[2]23.33104hm2[7]CO2O2,770/t[5],400/t[8],,3.86105t,TNTP107003.23t7780.35,t35.5%24.4%,2.66104/t55.8104/t[5],,,1m30.96,0.25(),,(//)(),,,,,2.2,33,411.10108,245.59108,59.74%;165.21108,40.19%;0.30108,0.07%3Table3EvaluationresultsofecosystemservicefunctionvalueofDongtingLakewetland(108)(%)10.522.56163.9939.8941.6810.1412.002.9217.404.238.191.996.721.6320.705.04129.6031.530.300.07411.10100.00.[R].2001.1~70.1:41,;,,33.1,216.19108,90%,,,;,1950~19986.89104hm2,22.16108(1998,)195419961998117108303108197108[9]4,1300mm[9],,,,209020.93108,5015.7510833%,[10],,,,,,,,(4,5),,50%[11],,320%,19971975,[11],,70;,220[12],,,,,,,,,,4Table4GrainproductionandnetincomeoffarmerinDongtingLakewetlandregion(m2)(kg)()56051020785534631761732545205576740020905Table5PopulationconstructionofDongtingLakewetlandregion()()(%)510.3594.7118.56593.32111.0918.72446.8775.8016.961236363698929.923.2,129.60108,80%,,,19951949,40%,42%[9],,,[13],,4254,,,,,,3,1,,1Fig.1TheframeofcountermeasuressystemofecologicalrestorationofDongtingLakewetland4.1,,,,:,:,,,4.2,,(habitatrenewal)(habitatmitigation),[14],,,,,,,1:434.3,,,,,5~8m,10m[9],,,,,,,4.4,,WTO,,,,,,,,,,,,,[7,15],,,,,,;,,,5,,,,,,,:;,,,,,[1],,,.[M].:,2003.[2],,,.[M].:,2003.[3].[EB/OL].[2004-04-23].[4].[J].,2002,25(2):93~96.[5],,.[J].,2003,12(5):535~542.[6]RobertCostanza.1997.Thevalueoftheworldsecosystemservicesandnaturalcapital[J].Nature.387(15):253-260.[7],,,.[J].,2005,21(7):46~51.[8],.[J].,2003,58(4):503~511.[9],,,.[M].:,2000,31~95.[10].,,[M].:,1995:119~121.[11].[J].,2000,9(3):46~53.[12],,,.[M].:,2002:10~15,20~36,132~135.[13],.[J].,2002,24(4):444~451.[14],,,.[M].:,2001.445[15],.[J].,2001,10(4):108~112.EvaluationonEcosystemServiceValueofDongtingLakeWetlandandEcologicalRestorationCountermeasuresMAODeHua,WUFeng,LIJingBao,PIHongLi(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentScience,HunanNormalUniversity,Changsha410081,Hunan,P.R.China)Abstract:ToevaluatetheecologicalservicevalueofDongtingLakewetlandandputforwardtheecologicalrestorationcountermeasures.Themarketvaluemethod,shadowengineeringapproach,carbontaxmethodandalternativeexpensesmethodwereusedtoevaluatetheecologicalservicevalueofDongtingLakewetland,thesystemofecologicalrestorationcountermeasureswasputforwardbasedontheevaluationresultsandprincipleofrestorationecology.ResearchresultsshowedthatDongtingLakewetlandwasofthehugeandmultipleecologicalservicesvalue,especiallyinproduct-producingvalue,adjustedandstoredthefloodvalue.InordertomanagetheDongtingLakewetlandwel,litmustbetheguidedbythetheoryandprincipleofrestorationecology,firsttaskisrestoringtheecologicalfunction,thetargetisdevelopingthewetlandindustrialgroupwhichisaccommodatedtothewetlandecologicalenvironmentandacceleratingthefinecycleofeconomyandecology,andthemeasuresistheperfectuniteoftheouterecologicalrestorationandtheinnerecologicalrestoration.SoastoincreasetheecologicalservicesvalueandrealizesustainabledevelopmentofDongtingLakewetland.Therestorationoffunctionsofadjustingandstoringthefloodandmaintenanceofbiologydiversitymustbestrengthenedaccordingtothepriorityprinciple.Waterresourcesengineeringandbiologicalcontrolingtechniqueareusedintherestorationoftheformerfunction,habitatrenewalandhabitatmitigationandnaturalprotectionareaconstructionarethemeasuresofrestorationofthelatterfunction.Theproduct-producingfunctionshouldbeexcavatedadequatelyaccordingtothesustainableuseprinciple.Themainmethodsaretodesignlandscapeecology,constructthewetlandindustrialgroupwhichisaccommodatedtothewetlandecologicalenvironmentetc.Theotherfunctionsarerestoredbytheenvironmentalprotectionkeepingtotheprincipleofsustainabledevelopmentandbenefi.tKeywords:wetlandecosystem;ecologicalservicevalue;evaluation;ecologicalrestorationstrategy;DongtingLake