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3 320059JournalofChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearchVol.3 No.3September,2005:2005-01-10:(1968-),,,,、。E-mail:pwq@iwhr.com。:1672-3031(2005)03-0192-07彭文启,王世岩,刘晓波(, 100038):。,,。,。1992~2001,。1993~2000,。。:;;:X522:A1 ,。,,、、,,“”[1,2]。,100°05′~100°17′,25°36′~25°58′,2565km2,42.0km,8.4km,1974.0m(、)249.8km2,10.5m,20.9m,2.88×109m3,2.75。,、,,,,。、、11,、、7,。、,。,,,,。200074.5,54.4,20.1,27%,290km2。2000GDP67.7,8907。3.48,、、、、。4.30hm2,2.84hm2,0.06hm2。、、,,117。,,、,,。2 2.1 43,20001357.0—192—DOI:10.13244/j.cnki.jiwhr.2005.03.007m3,9800.0t[3]。1158.0m3,5149.0t,85%52%。2.2 ,2000:1342.3m3,、4400.0t、366.7t73.3t。,,。:262.5m3,1051.0t,87.6t,17.5t。2.3 ,,,24,。2000:16003.0t,1121.0t,12240.0t。2.4 2.4.1 点源污染物入湖量 90%,,,。、,,200042.7m3,170.3t、BOD64.8t、SS86.3t[4,5]。,,。,,2000:407.6t、33.9t、6.8t。2.4.2 面源污染物入湖量 2000:961t,114t,4228t。2.4.3 湖面降水污染物输入 20001083.5mm,、1.08mgL、0.056mgL,、293.7t15.2t。2.4.4 内源释放量估算 、。:2004,;TSS,。20000.056mg(cm2·a),140575t,196.8t,702.9t。0.0039mg(cm2·a),9.7t,0.1338mg(cm2·a),333.2t。,,2000,。2.4.5 洱海污染负荷分析 、,。2000:4635.8t、1622.2t,145.2t。(1)。3 、。20045。7(1),19922001。20045,,、pH、、—193— 1 2000t407.634.06.84228.2961.3113.5293.715.2333.29.74635.81622.2145.21 ,19(1)。3.1 3.1.1 水温 2000,24.7℃,,23.7℃。2000,,,。,(2),Tw=0.8121Ta+2.6596Tw,Ta。3.1.2 透明度 。1.4~2.5m,2.0m,、、1.6m、2.0m2.1m。31992~2002。3.3m,,2001,。3.1.3 pH值 ,pH7.408.15,7.75。、pH,pH。,pH。3.2 3.2.1 洱海现状水质评价 20007,、、,,《》GB3838-2002,Ⅱ。2。,,,,2.14,,2.35,,2.13。,、;、。41991~20012000,,5,7,。121—194— ,2~3,4,。2 3 2 2000 ⅡⅡⅠⅠⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅡⅠⅡⅠⅠⅠⅠⅣⅣⅣⅢⅣⅢⅢⅡⅠⅠⅠⅡⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅠⅢⅢⅠⅠⅠⅠⅢⅣⅣⅣⅢⅣⅢⅢ 51991~2001,,,,,。3.2.2 洱海富营养化评价 ,、、、、、。,1992~2001,90、,[6]。—195— 4 5 3.2.3 洱海环湖河流水质评价 ,、、、,、、,2003,,,、。,。,,26,,、、,、,;、(、);、,;,,:、、、,,,。,、、、,;、,;,、、、。,[7]。GB3838_2002,Ⅱ。,、、,Ⅴ,、,Ⅱ~Ⅲ。,,、;、,,,。2000,、,Ⅱ,Ⅱ。、,V,。Ⅲ,。2000,、、、、、。—196— 2000,、200090.0%。,38.0%,,40.8%。3.3 ,19。2004530cm(30cm),5cm,。。,,、、、、COD。pH、、、。pH、、、、、COD。,Fick。,—(30cm),,,,“”—。3.3.1 洱海沉积物总有机质(TOC) ,,,。,。,5cm(TOC)0.90%~2.50%,2.25%,10%,,,,,、,。,,。3.3.2 洱海沉积物总磷(TP) ,2400mgkg,。,,。,5cm136~458mg/kg,350mg/kg。3.3.3 洱海沉积物总氮(TN) ,0.8%,。,5cm0.089%~0.270%,,。,。3.4 1993~2000,、。α0.100.01,α≤0.01,,0.01α≤0.10,。7:、、、、、。73。3 (%)(mg(L·a))4.207.225.91-0.194.360.00339.26-0.127.5308.390.02715.360.007 ,1993~2000,,0.027mg(L·a),。—197— 4 :(1),,。(2),。1992~2001,。(3)5,7,。121,2~3,4,。(4),,,。(5)1993~2000,,0.027mg(L·a)。。 :[1] .(1996-2010)[R],2003,8.[2] .(1996-2010)[R].1997,12.[3] .(1996~2000)[R].2001,4.[4] .(2000-2010)[R],2003,9.[5] ,.“”()[R],2002,3.[6] .[A].[C].:,2003.[7] .2000[A].[C],:,2003.AssessmentonErhaiLakewaterqualityPENGWen-qi,WANGShi-yan,LIUXiao-bo(DepartmentofWaterEnvironment,IWHR,Beijing 100038,China)Abstract:TheauthorssystematicallyassessedandanalyzedthewaterqualitysituationofErhaiLakeinthispaper.Itisfoundthatnon-pointsourceisthemajortypeofpollutionsourcesinthelakebasin,pollutantswithwetprecipitationandinnersourcepollutionaresecondary,industrialanddomesticsourcesaresecondary.Themaincontaminationsaretotalphosphorus(TP)andmercury(Hg).TPisidentifiedasthemostpolluteditem.TheeutrophiclevelofErhaiLakefrom1992to2001remainedatamiddlelevel,andnowitisturningtoaneutrophicatinglevel.TheincreasingtrendofhardnessandTNintheperiodfrom1993to2000wasprominent.ItisalsoidentifiedthatwaterleveloperationofErhaiLakewouldobviouslyaffectTPconcentration.Keywords:ErhaiLake;waterqualityassessment;eutrophication(责任编辑:李福田)—198—
本文标题:洱海水质评价
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