凡纳滨对虾高位池养殖氮磷收支研究及养殖效果分析李金亮

65201010　　　SouthChinaFisheriesScienceVol.6,No.5Oct.,2010doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-2227.2010.05.003:2010-07-11;:2010-07-21:(2007BAD29B06):(1983-),,,。E-mail:[e-mail]:,E-mail:[e-mail]、李金亮,陈雪芬,赖秋明,鲁春雨,陈金玲,苏树叶(,,570228):(Litopenaeusvannamei)(N)(P),、。,NP,NP91.76%～93.68%94.55%～96.97%。NP29.46%～40.46%12.64%～17.41%,NP24.63%～54.52%23.03%～59.02%,NP14.10%～44.59%27.59%～62.25%。。(ZS)0.175g·d-1,(ZF)(ZW)73.0%139.3%。ZW77.70%～87.75%,ZSZF。ZW,(BW)62.10%～72.30%,8821～9878kg·hm-2,。(ZWb)56.13%。:;;;;:S968.22+9.23:A:1673-2227-(2010)05-0013-08Studyonnitrogenandphosphorusbudgetsandproductionperformanceinhigher-placepondofLitopenaeusvannameiLIJinliang,CHENXuefen,LAIQiuming,LUChunyu,CHENJinling,SUShuye(KeyLab.ofTropicalBiologicalResources,MinistryofEducation,OceanCollegeofHainanUniversity,Haikou570228,China)Abstract:Nitrogenandphosphorusbudgetsinthehigher-placepondsofLitopenaeusvannameiwerestudiedsystematicallytoinvesti-gatetheeffectsofstockingseasons,shrimplarvaestrainsandgradingcultureonshrimpproduction.Resultsindicatethatfeedisthemainsourceofnitrogenandphosphorusinputs,accountingfor91.76%～93.68%and94.55%～96.97%oftotalinputs,respective-ly,while29.46%～40.46%oftotalnitrogenand12.64%～17.41%oftotalphosphorusweredepositedintoharvestedshrimp;24.63%～54.52%oftotalnitrogenand23.03%～59.02%oftotalphosphorousweredischargedintoeffluent;14.10%～44.59%oftotalnitrogenand27.59%～62.25%oftotalphosphorouswereaccumulatedinpondsediment.Shrimpproductionissignificantlyaf-fectedbydifferentstockingseasonsandshrimplarvaestrains.TheaveragegrowthrateoftrialZSinsummerreaches0.175g·d-1,whichis73.0%and139.3%higherthanthatoftrialZFinfallandtrialZWinwinter,respectively.ThesurvivalofZWis77.70%～87.75%,whichissignificantlyhigherthanthatofZSandZF.ComparedwithZWstockedatthesameseason,thesurvivaloftrialBWis62.10%～72.30%withyieldperunitareaof8821～9878kg·hm-2,whicharebothsignificantlylow.TrialZWbofgradingculturedshortenstheculturecycleby56.13%.Keywords:Litopenaeusvannamei;higher-placepond;nitrogen;phosphorus;budget　14　　　　　　　　6　　(N)(P),,[1]。,NP,、。,NP[2-8]。,[5-6][4,8],(Penaeusmonodon)(Fenneropenaeuschinensis),30～50ind·m-2,(Litopenaeusvannamei)NP。,,0.15～0.35hm2,,。、,NP,,。1　1.1　2008620098(N19°14.556′,E110°28.144′)(N19°37.086′,E110°45.551′)。(ZS)、(ZF)、(ZW)(ZWb);(BW)。ZWb3,4。,,10～20cm。1200～1500kg·hm-2,4～5d,,30×10-3kg·m-3。2d120cm,。SPF(specificpathogenfree,),,,;0.8～1.0cm。ZWb,87d,300ind·kg-1(0.33g)。,“”。2,。,15·hm-2。1.2　,20d1。、、pH、。(10cm)、(10cm)1000mL,3mL(0.3%),。(TN)(TP);0.45μm(TNH+4-N)、(NO-2-N)、(NO-3-N)(PO3-4-P)。。,TNTP。《4:(GB/T12763.4-2007)》[9]。,5(V=174.98cm3)10cm。,TNTP。,;,。、60℃,TNTP。TN,TP-[10]。1.3　N(P):WTN(P)=WFN(P)+WfN(P)+WSN(P)+WWN(P)+　5　:、　15　　　WRN(P)N(P),N:WEN=WTN-WHN-WBN-WAAP:WEP=WTP-WHP-WBPWSN(P)N(P)(kg·hm-2);WHN(P)N(P)(kg·hm-2);WFN(P)WfN(P)N(P)(kg·hm-2);WWN(P)WRN(P)N(P)(kg·hm-2);WEN(P)N(P)(kg·hm-2);WBN(P)N(P)(kg·hm-2);WAA(,NH3-N,kg·hm-2)BLAIN[11]WEILER[12]。ZWbN(P)N(P)。,,,,,N(P)。SPSS16.0(ANOVA)Duncan,P0.05。2　2.1　(1),(P0.05);(R=-0.905,P0.01)。ZS,ZF,ZW。ZW,ZSZF(P0.05)。ZS16198～17296kg·hm-2,1.50～1.60,ZFZW(P0.05);3(ZS、ZFZW)。1(X±SD)Tab.1CultureinformationfordifferenttrialgroupsitemZSZFZWZWbBWstockingtime69111110/ind·m-2stockingdensity98.86±2.30a124.96±1.91c122.96±8.73c118.13±2.23c108.00±0.00b/dcultureperiod92.50±1.26a116.50±3.00b155.50±10.47c154.67±0.58c164.00±0.00d/g·s-1growthrate0.175±0.007c0.101±0.006b0.073±0.002a0.074±0.001a0.079±0.003a/%survivalrate68.28±4.45a71.67±3.48a83.34±4.21b78.45±1.78b66.59±5.13a/kg·hm-2feed16722±528b13991±1488a14716±1169a14019±338a13132±886a/kg·hm-2yield10887±633bc10555±795b11628±871bc11858±729c9270±515afeedconversionratio1.54±0.05c1.33±0.16ab1.27±0.10ab1.18±0.05a1.42±0.12bc　:(P0.05),　Note:Datawithdifferentsuperscriptsinthesameitemaresignificantlydifferent(P0.05);thesamecaseinthefollowingtables.　　95～133ind·m-2,、,。,(R=0.438,P0.05),(R=0.712,P0.01)。,ZWZWb,BW(P0.05)。ZWb、ZW。　16　　　　　　　　62.2　NPNP808.93～1155.58160.08～239.49kg·hm-2(2)。NP,746.39～1082.52kg·hm-2N154.45～229.65kg·hm-2P,NP91.76%～93.68%94.55%～96.97%(3)。ZSNP,(P0.05)。NP0.66%～4.71%0.78%～4.11%;NP2.73%～6.90%1.05%～2.60%;NP0.25%～0.39%0.07%～0.20%;NP,0.01%。NP、。NP278.43～405.38kg·hm-224.65～35.89kg·hm-2,NP29.46%～40.46%12.64%～17.41%(32NP(X±SD)Tab.2Inputsofnitrogenandphosphorousinshrimppondsfordifferenttrialgroupskg·hm-2itemZSZFZWZWbBWnitrogentotal1119.84±34.37b946.63±100.97a999.30±73.13a949.17±21.72a907.72±58.36afeed1046.64±33.04b876.43±93.95a925.20±72.55a877.13±21.08a841.88±57.32afertilizer33.09±2.93b38.98±8.34b34.49±5.16b33.60±0.31b7.01±1.66alarvae0.088±0.002a0.112±0.002d0.108±0.006cd0.105±0.002c0.096±0.000binfluent36.62±0.83b28.09±0.81a36.06±0.65b35.89±0.88b56.16±2.11crainfall3.39±0.00bc3.02±0.00b3.45±0.53c2.44±0.00a2.58±0.00aphosphoroustotal231.36±7.41c195.28±21.38ab204.89±15.39b195.12±4.55ab176.64±11.74afeed222.07±7.01c186.12±19.99ab195.78±15.04b186.56±4.53ab170.80±11.46afertilizer5.38±0.47b6.66±1.96b6.23±1.52b5.76±0.06b1.61±0.41alarvae0.011±0.000a0.014±0.000b0.014±0.001b0.014±0.000b0.012±0.000ainfluent3.61±0.08c2.23±0.06a2.55±0.05b2.54±0.06b4.10±0.15drainfall0.28±0.00bc0.25±0.00b0.32±0.09