反渗透技术在俄罗斯净化饮用水中的应用张寿恺

·、·张寿恺　　　论述了应用反渗透方法净化饮用水的必要性和可能性。介绍了俄罗斯应用反渗透净化饮用水工艺的两个特点:1.反渗透装置前不设预处理;2.净化后的水质符合卫生要求。　饮用水　反渗透　俄罗斯　　,,,、。,,,,。,,(),,(--),。,,、,,。,,,,、、。,,。,———、、,、,、,(7.5～10kW/m3),,。,,,。,(50～1000m3/d),,,。,,,。,,,。(0.7～1.6MPa),,、、。,,,。、、,,,。。1　,,、()、、()、(),,,。,。　Vol.25　No.2　199959　　　DOI:10.13789/j.cnki.wwe1964.1999.02.022,,,1～3mg/L,90%～95%。,,,,,,。,。,,(、),。。10～15mg/L30～40、,,1～3mg/L,1000～3000h。5～10mg/L,500～1000h,,0.4～0.5MPa,。(100mm、1000mm)5～10mg/L,,,,。,1～10m3/d,100～200L/h。2　,,,GuidelinesonHealthAspectsofWaterDesalinationWHO,ETS/80.4。、,。,,96%～99%。,,,、、、、、、、、。0.5～1.5mg/L,1～2mg-eq/L。、,。,,。,,。,,;,,。,。:、、()。1。,,,,。,,,。()。,,()。,,,4/57/8;1/31/2。60　　　　Vol.25　No.2　19991　　　　　＊　　＊＊mg/Lmg-eq/L8.2×105Pa11.9×105Pa17.6×105Pa8.2×105Pa11.9×105Pa17.6×105Pamg/Lmg-eq/Lmg/Lmg-eq/Lmg/Lmg-eq/Lmg/Lmg-eq/Lmg/Lmg-eq/Lmg/Lmg-eq/LCa2+Mg2+NH+4HCO-3SO2-4Cl-F-pH50.130.40.73.313072.94.2291.67.842.52.500.12.72.10.2——13.370.41.40.6401.864.67.470.70.60001.10.1——94.70.30.90.427.21.243.77.290.50.40000.80.1——6.13.20.20.60.318.30.829.57.120.30.30000.50——12.16.20.41.20.436.41.558.37.390.60.500010.1——8.24.20.30.80.324.6139.47.220.40.30000.70.1——5.52.80.20.50.216.60.726.57.050.30.20000.5———　＊80m3/h,60m3/h,75%　＊＊120m3/h,60m3/h,50%　　,,,,;,。,,。参考文献1　ПервовАГ.Обратноосмотическиеустановкидляопресненияиочисткиприродныхвод.Водоснабжениеисантехника,1994,42　ПервовАГидругие.Мембраннаятехнологиявподготовкепитьевойводы.Водоснабжениеисантехника,1995(2)■:200092　/:[phone](H)　:1998-9-8　　(、、、)。,,,()。、、、。:(1),。　　(2),,,,,。(3),。(4),,5～10cm。(5),。(6)、,,。(赵基兴)　Vol.25　No.2　199961　　　WATER&WASTEWATERENGINEERINGVol.25No.2February1999system,2designofroofwatertank,3watersavingofbuildingair-humidificationsystemand4classificationofsewerstackandtheapplicationoffloordrain.BriefonDesignofHighQualityDrinkingWaterLuRonghaietal(50…………………………………………………………)Abstract:Thedecisionofwaterquota,thepurificationprocessandthedesignofdistributionnetworkofHighQualityDrinkingWatersystemaredescribedwithengineeringpracticeinthispaper.DesignandAcceptationoftheFireWaterSystemofFenglianPlazaBuildingYeLiyingetal(56……………………………)Abstract:ThedesignfeaturesoftheFireWaterSystemofFenglianPlazaBuildingarepresented,somemeasurestoimprovetheproblemsariseninthetrial-runandacceptationareproposed,andfurthermoreadvancesoftechnicalfeasibil-ityandoperatingreliabilityarediscussed.SimplifiedHydraulicCalculationofIndoorPlasticDrainagePipelineLangJiahui(55…………………………………………)Abstract:TheessenceandfunctionofminimumslopeandcommonslopecontrolofPVCdrainagepipearediscussedandanewconceptcalledgeneralslopeisproposedanddefined.OnthebasisofthisconceptandtheguidelinestatedintheDesignRulesofPlasticPipe(CIJ29-89)atableforhydrauliccalculationhasbeenrecommendedinthispaper.StandardizationontheDimensionofOutletofLowerDrainageLavatoryPanZhangLei(57…………………………………)Abstract:Onthebasisofreferencesofdomesticandabroadproductsandthedemandoflavatorydesigninpractice,theauthorindicatedthatthemanufacturesofthelowerdrainagelavatorypanhavetobestandardizedinthedimensionoftheoutletforinterchangeablity.ROforDrinkingWaterinRussiaZhangShoukai(59……………………………………………………………………………)Abstract:ThefeasibilityandnecessityofReverseOsmosisindrinkingwaterpreparationarediscussedinthispa-per.TheRussianpracticesofROapplicationofdrinkingwaterpurificationisspecificwithfocuseson1)nopretreatmentbeforetheROfacilityand2)thetreatedwaterisquitegoodtomeetthehealthrequirement.QualityControlinWaterQualityExaminationLiBaijia(62……………………………………………………………………)Abstract:Theconceptofmodernqualitycontrolhastobeappliedintothefieldofwaterqualityexaminationtoap-preciatethevalidityandthereliabilityofexaminationresultsandtoimprovethequalitiesofexaminationandanalyticalprocedures.Themethodstoselecttheprecisionandaccuracyaregiven.BriefontheTechnicalOrdersofPressureReducerforHighRiseBuildingJiangWenyuan(65………………………………)DiscussionontheSanitaryStandardsofBottledPureWaterGB17323-1998andGB17324-1998WuXiangmou(66……)Abstract:TheauthorofthispaperpointsoutthattheindexesofpHvalue,conductivity,chlorideandcoliguidedinthejustissuedSanitaryStandardsofBottledPureWaterGB17323-1998andGB17324-1998areinappropriate,moreresearchanddiscussionarenecessary.ApplicationofInternetinWaterEngineeringChengJianhua(68………………………………………………………………)Abstract:TheessentialknowledgeonInternetispresentedandtheapplicationofthenetworksinwaterandsewageengineeringhasbeendiscussed.Alsosomeaddressesincommonusesforthisfieldaregiven.AutomationDesignofWaterworksHuXiaochun(71……………………………………………………………………………)Abstract:Thecurrentstatusonautomationofwaterworksisdiscussedandrecommendationsonthetechnologicaldesign,selectionofequipmentandoperatingmanagementareproposedinthispaper.Sponsoredby　Water&SewageSocietyofCCESChinaBuildingTechnologyDevelopmentCenterEditedby　theEditorialBoardofWater&WastewaterEngineeringAddress　19ChegongzhuangStreet,Beijing100044,ChinaTel　(8610)68362263(8610)68317744ext437　Fax[phone]　E-mail:[e-mail]