反渗透膜分离技术的发展及其在城市污水处理中的应用

[1]()(MF)(UF)(D)(ED)(NF)(RO)(RO)117481748AbbeNollet20030405060708090[2]1953Reid1960SourirajanLeobRO2070RO1965P.P.GUFRO19721975JJ.Porter1983L.TinghuisRO1969J.C.VSmith30(RO)[3]195819581965196619671970198019801985N2/H21/390[2]2110MPa[4]2.11748AbbeNollet20502.220502.2.1[3]Ried2.2.2-[4]2.2.3[3]LonsdaleRileyFick-2.3()[5]2.3.1[5](1)Ms()Ms()Ms()(ROH)CC14OHMs()(CH3OD)ODMs()Ms()()()Ms()Ms()Ms()Ms()Ms()Ms()Ms()(2)KapKa(PKlogKa)pKapKapKapKa(3)HammetTaftHammetTaft****()**2.3.2EsEsEsEsEsEsEs2.3.3SmallSmall[6]SmallSSmall*SouriraganSmallSmallSmallSmallSmallSmall*2.4[6]2.4.1ScatchafdIIIII(I)1IIIIIScatchardScatchafd2.4.2GluckaufGluckaufr6-2E)4Debye-Huckel(1/K)B(C)BoltzmannC=CexpE/KkcBoltzmannT2.4.3BeanBeanGluckaufParsegianRD2.4.4GGG=GrGBGGBG0G0G(1)GG(2)1G2G12(3)G33.1[7]/CACACAPA-50%100%a.PAb.-c.d.-3.23.2.1Aerojet3.2.23.2.3GulfGeneralAtomicCo///0.91m3.2.45025U1600030000m2/m33-13-1m2/m3MPam3/m2*dm3/m3*d4933305.65.60.21.0250033666092005.62.81.020.073673673500mg/LNaCl92%96%44.1[8]1),a.,;b.;c.2),90%;60%65%;35%45%3)8GFD14GFD(13L/m3h23L/m3h);14GFD18GFD(23L/m3h30L/m3h);7GFD8GFD4.2[8],pH1)pH,pH47pH562),12.7%58,112550%30,3525353)4.3[9]PH1231%0.02MPa4l00ppm0.007MPa5pHpHpHpHpHpH55.1RORO/18McmROCO2pHpH/pH/5.212pH35.3NaCl35000mg/L500mg/L98.6%NaCl90%NaCl89%620606.1[1]()(Pomona)(FWPCA)1856880%78%80%64%6.2[1]3m2100m3/d;()200m3/d2(2.02.5MPa)(200m3/d)(2.03.0MPa)2/mg/L/mg/L/mg/L/%1COD10.81.743.893.8NH3N9.21.749.094.2NO3-N2.40.87.584.0PO4P10.10.257.799.4TDS62373340296.413COD12.21.937.292.3/mg/L/mg/L/mg/L/%NH3N5.31.526.190.1NO3N12.26.034.974.6PO4P9.01.443.294.6TDS543145273891.22COD11.40.737.497.1NH3N17.12.959.992.5NO3N2.10.88.985.5PO4P9.70.0739.899.7TDS55251257696.76.38090[2]757MPa88.5MPa34MPa12MPa1MPa[10]EDIRO[11](1)(2)RO(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)-(8)(9)(10)RO1]...200311176[2].');20031201[3]..2.2000[4].2000[5]Sourirajan..1987.6I21-4[6]...2003.4.1[7].2001[8]...3021200411[9]...20046[10].NFRO.19985[11].[J].200016