反硝化细菌在污水处理作用中的研究

,(,510631),2080,,;;;;Q939.9A1005-7021(2005)02-0088-05TheRoleofDenitrificationBacteriainWastewaterTreatmentRENYan2li,JINGYuan2xiao(SchoolofLifeSci.S.ChinaNormalUniv.Guangzhou510631)AbstractDenitrificationbacteriaplayaveryimportantroleinwastewatertreatmentsystem.Traditionallytheywereallregardedasheterotrophicandanaerobic.However,aerobicdenitrificationbacteriawerefoundin1980s.Re2cently,thediscoveryofautotrophicbacteriaespeciallyThiobacillusdenitrificanshasinducedmuchinterest.Keywordsdenitrificationbacteria;heterotrophicdenitrification;autotrophicdenitrification;aerobicdenitrification;Thiobacillusdenitrificans,NO3-NO2-NON2ON2,,,[1],[2,3]11.1A/O,A/O2(Anoxic/Oxic),A/O2,,,,,,,,,,(1)CODBODA/O,,:2003-09-15:,:(200022)8820053252JOURNALOFMICROBIOLOGYMar.2005Vol.25No.2?1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,,,,,DO,1A/O1,,,,A/O1,A/O85%1Table1TherelationshipofrefluenceratioanddenitrifyingratioR%1002003004005006007008009001000%50.066.775.080.083.385.087.588.890.090.9:R%(R%=/);%1.2O/AO/A2(Oxic/Anoxic),,A/O,,,(2)BOD,,O/AA/O,BOD,,,,,,2,2O/A982:?1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.22.11980MeibergHyphomicrobiumX[4],,,,,10%20%,[46]Thisphaerapantotropha,[7]BellFerguson[8]Rorberson,Thisphaerapantotropha[9]KshirsagarThis2phaerapantotropha,[10]Shwu2LingNyuk2ChongChei2HsiangChen3,[11]2.2,2,,,NO3-,;,OH-,pH;,,,,[5,6,11,12]Pseudomonasspp.AlicaligenesfaecalisThiosphaerapan2totropha[13],Robertson[13],Thiosphaerapantotropha/(),Poly22hydroxybuty2rate(PHB)Gupta[14]RBC(rotatingbi2ologicalcontactor)2,Thiosphaerapantotropha,2;3,,,,-(CO2,HCO3-)[1519],,:,;,[15,2022],(),[20]ThiobacillusdenitrificansThiomicrospiradenitrificans(Thiobacillusdenitrificans),,0.5m13m,,,,,[8]:55S+50NO3-+38H2O+20CO2+4NH4+4C5H7O2N+25N2+55SO42-+64H+0925?1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.H+pH,pH,,CaCO3+H+=HCO3-+Ca2+HCO3-+H+=H2CO3H2CO3=H2O+CO2,NO32N(CaCO3)4.57g(),2.94.6[2224],:,2(sulfurandlimestoneautotrophicdenitrifi2cationsystems,SLAD)[20,25,26],,(totaldissolvedsolids,TDS)[26],NO32N100mg/L[20,27,28],(NO32N100mg/L),CaCO3,,,,,[29]USEPA,,NO32N(CaCO3)3.57g,:NO3-+1.08CH3OH+0.24H2CO3=0.056C5H7O2N+0.47N2+1.68H2O+HCO3-KimBae[30],56%,,,,,,,(),,,,(),,,,:[1]RorbertsonLAandKuenenJG.Combinedheterotrophicnitri2ficationandaerobicdenitrificationinThiosphaerapantotrophaandotherbacteria[J].Ant.VanLeeuwenhoek,1990,56:289-299.[2]FlereJM,ZhangTC.Nitrateremovalwithsulfur2limestoneautotrophicdenitrificationprocess[J].J.Envir.Engrg,1999,8(125):721-729.[3],,./[J].,1995,13(3):11-15.[4]MeibergJBM,BruinenbergPM,HarderW.EffectofdissolvedoxygentensiononthemetabolismofmethylatedaminesinHy2phomicrobiumXintheabsenceandpresenceofnitrate:evi2denceforaerobicdenitrification[J].J.Gen.Microbiol.,1980,120:453-463.[5]RorbertsonLAandKuenenJG.Aerobicdenitrification2oldwineinnewbottles?[J].AntonicvanLeeuwenhoek,1984,50:525-544.[6]RorbertsonLAandKuenenJG.Aerobicdenitrification:acon2troversyrevived[J].Arch.Microbiol,1984,139:351-354.[7]RorbertsonLAandKuenenJG.Thiosphaerapantotrophagen.Nov.sp.Nov.,afacultativelyanaerobic,facultativelyau2totrophicsulphurbacterium[J].J.Gen.Microbiol,1983,129:2847-2855.[8]BellLC,FergusonSJ.NitricandnitrousoxidereductaseareactiveunderaerobicconditionsincellsofThiosphaerapan2totropha[J].Biochem.J,1991,273:423-427.[9]RorbertsonLAandKuenenJG.HeterotrophicnitrificationinThiosphaerapantotropha:oxygenuptakeandenzymestudies[J].J.Gen.Microbiol,1988,134:857-863.[10]KshirsagarM,GuptaAB,GuptaSK.AerobicdenitrificationstudiesonactivatedsludgemixedwithThiosphaerapan2192:?1995-2006TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.totropha[J].EnviromentalTechnology,1995,16:35-43.[11]PaiSL,ChongNM,ChenCH.Potentialapplicationsofaerobicdenitrifyingbacteriaasbioagentsinwastewatertreatment[J].BioresourceTechnology,1999,68(2):179-185.[12]ZartD.HighrateofaerobicnitrificationanddenitrificationbyNitrosomonaseutropha-growninafermentorwithcompletebiomassretentioninthepresenceofgaseousNO2orNO[J].ArchMicrobiol,1998,169(4):282-286.[13]RorbertsonLA,VanNielEWJ,Torremans,RobAM,KuenenJG.SimultaneousnitrificationanddenitrificationinaerobicchemostatculturesofThiosphaerapantotropha[J].ApplEnv2ironMicrobiol,1988,54(1):12-18.[14]GuptaSK,RajaSM.Simultaneousnitrification2denitrificationinaroatingbiologicalcontactor[J].EnvironTech,1994,15:145-153.[15]BatchelorB,LawrenceAW.Autotrophicdenitrificationusingelementsulfur[J].JWaterPollutControlFed,1978,50:1986-3001.[16]BaalsruudKandBaalsruudKS.StudiesonThiobacillusdeni2trificans[J].ArchivfurMicrobiologle,1954,20:34-62.[17]BachelorBandLawrenceAW.Akineticmodelforautotrophicdenitrificationusingelementalsulfur[J].WaterResearch,1978,12(1):75-84.[18]BachelorBandLawrenceAW.Stoichiometryofautotrophicdenitrificationusingelementalsulfur[C].InChemistryofWastewaterTechnology,ed.A.J.Rubin,AnnArborSciencePublishers,AnnArbor,MI.,1978,421-440.[19]ClausGandKutznerHJ.PhysiologyandkineticsofautotrophicdenitrificationbyThiobacillusdenitrificans[J].AppliedMi2crobiologyandBiotechnology,1985,22:283-288.[20]ZhangTC,LampeDG.Sulfur:L