废水生物脱氮中N2O和NOx的产生和作用卢培利

　2005,11(5):632～637　　ChinJApplEnvironBiol=ISSN1006-687X　2005-10-25　N2ONOx*卢培利1**　张代钧1,2　李小鹏1(1;2　　400030)　　N2ONOx、、.、pH、、、.NO2,NOC2H2,.,N2ONOx,.NO2BrocadiaanammoxidansNitrosomonas.435　;N2O;NOx;;CLC　X703PRODUCTIONANDROLESOFN2OANDNOxINBIOLOGICALNITROGENREMOVALFROMWASTEWATER*LUPeili1**,ZHANGDaijun1,2LIXiaopeng1(1CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalSciences,2KeyLabofSouthwesternResourceExploitationEnvironmentalDisasterControlEngineering,MinistryofEducation,ChongqingUniversity,Chongqing400030,China)Abstract　Nitrification,denitrificationandotherbiologicalnitrogenmetabolicprocesseswereallthesourcesforN2OandNOxinbiologicalnitrogenremovalfromwastewater.Thefactorsaffectingtheproductionoftheseintermediatesincludedtheconcen-trationofelectronacceptoranddonor,pH,typeofbuffers,organicload,microorganismsandSRT.ThefactsthatNO2couldoxidateNH+4andenhanceaerobicandanaerobicammoniaoxidation,NOcouldpreventaerobicammoniaoxidationfrominhibi-tionofC2H2andthebothcouldbenefittherecoveryoftheactivityofaerobicammoniaoxidationshowedtheimportantrolesoftheseintermediatesinnitrogenbiologicalmetabolism.ThenewtechnologyforbiologicalnitrogenremovalfromwastewaterbasedonNO2andthecometabolismofBrocadiaanammoxidansandNitrosomonaswillbeasignificantfocusinfuture.Fig4,Ref35Keywords　biologicalnitrogenremovalfromwastewater;N2O;NOx;affectingfactor;roleCLC　X703　　,,N2ONOx(NONO2).,,-[1]、Anammox(anaerobicammoniaoxidation)[2,3]、[4][5]N2O/NOx.NOxN2O,、、pH、SRT(sludgeretationtime,).,N2O、NONO2,.,,NONO2,NONO2:2004-07-12　　:2004-08-26*(No.50378094)([2003]355)　SupportedbytheNationalNatureSci-enceFoundationofChinaandtheExcellentYoungTeachersProgramofM0E,China**　Correspondingauthor(E-mail:[e-mail]),NO2[3,6].、、.N2ONOx、,、、,.[7]N2ONOx[7],.,,.1　N2ONOx1.1　()(DO)N2ONOx.Knowles,O2N2ON2ON2;Zumft,5%O2N2O[1,8].Kester,0O2,AlcaligeneseutrophusNON2O,PseudomonosstutzeriNO,N2O;NO-2N2ONO-3,DO,NO-3,NO-2,NON2O;Nitrosomonaseuropaea,10%5%5%1%,NON2O,1h4h;1%0,NO3d,N2O;80%0%,NON2O1h,,NO,N2O2h(1);N.europaeaNitrobacterwinogradskyi,80%10%,N2O,N.europae;10%5%,5%1%N2O,NO(2)[9].t/h1　N.europaeaNON2OFig.1　EmissionofnitricoxideandnitrousoxidefromtwocontinuousculturesofN.europaeaduringtransientstateafterachangeatthelevelofairsaturationt=0Attimezeroairsaturationwasswitched:A(10%to5%),B(5%to1%),C(1%to0),D(80%to0)Lipschultz,NON2ODO,()0.1～0.3mg/L,DO0.2mg/L,NO/NO-23.8%,N2O/NO-22.5%.Yoshida,DONitrosomonassp.11%N2O.Hynes,N.europaeaN2ODO0.95mg/L.Anderson,DONO-2,NO-2,N.europaeaNON2ODO0.2kPa0.4kPa,NO-2.Goreau,Nitrosomonas,DO7.0mg/L0.2～0.4mg/L,N2O/NO-20.3%10%.Kester,DO6.5mg/L0.1mg/L,N.europaeaNONH+40.87%2.32%[4,9].Dundee,N.europaeaNitrosolobusmultiformisDON2O,DO2.1mg/LN2O,3.2nmol(N2O)/m3()6nmol(N2O)/m3(),DO,N2O[10].t/h2　N.europaeaN.winogradskyiNON2OFig.2　EmissionofnitricoxideandnitrousoxidefromacontinuouscultureofN.europaeaandN.winogradskyiduringtransientstateafterachangeatthelevelofairsaturationt=0Attimezeroairsaturationwasswitched:A(80%to10%),B(10%to5%),C(5%to1%),DONON2O,.Anderson,NODO.Stuven,,/,NO,,/NO-0.593;,N2ODO.Fu-erhacker,NO,NO,NON2O[4,5,11].1.2　NO-3,NO-2NH+4NO-3、NO-2NH+4NON2O.Wrage,NO-3,N2O,NO-3N2O[1].Murray,NO-3N2O(r2=0.985),NO(r2=0.043)[8].,N2ONH+4,N2O-NNO-2-N0.05%～0.47%,3.3%.,NONO-2,0.7490.739,/NONO-2,0.829,(0.072),[5].1.3　NON2O.Wogita,,N2O.Garrido,5kg(NH+4-N)m-3d-1,N2O,N2O,633　5:N2ONOx　　55mg/LN2O2kg(N2O-N)m-3d-1.Itokawa,COD/N3.520%～30%NN2O;Fuerhacker,NO[4,11～13].N2O.A.fae-calisTUD(、),,N2ONO-29.9%～18.5%1.8%～10.4%.,,N2O,N32%～64%.,,N2O/NO-2,,22.7%,N2O.cN2O,N2O[14].1.4　,NON2O,NON2O.JenkinsonN.europaeaNitrosospiraN2O,N2O,NH3,NitrosospiraNH36～11μmol/L,N.europaea[15].NON2O.Hyens;Freitag,NONO;Kester,,NON2O,NO-2NO-3NO-2[9].Stuven,/NO,()NO,NO[5].1.5　pHHynes,N.europaeaN2OpH,pH8.5,pH(7.5)N2OHEPES().Jiang,,NitrosospiraN2OHEPES2,(pH=8)N2O[16].ThörnN2O,、NO-3NO-2,pH,(non-manip-ulatedsamples),pH5～6,6.8N2O[17].Wrage,pHN2ON2O[1].1.6　,SRT、H2SC2H2NOxN2O.Zheng,SRTN2O[18].Schon-harting,H2SN2O,(H2S、HS-、S2-),H2S,pHH2S,pHH2S[19].Stuven,NH2OHNO-2NO,、/,2、97[5].Murray,C2H2NO,10kPaC2H2,NOC2H2,,C2H2NO-3NO-2NO;C2H2,1mLNO,31%,1mL10kPaC2H2,NO95%,,,C2H2NONO[8].2　N2ONOx2.1　NOxN2O1×10-6(φ,)NO,2×10-6NO.Schmidt,NO.Schulthess,NONO[6,20,21].NO2,,NO2.Schmidt,NO250×10-6[6,22].Schalk,NO-3,NO[23].,NOxN2O.Zumft,NO2NO[24].Schmidt,NO2N.eutropha[3].REN,T20NO250×10-6[21].Schmidt,NOC2H2N.eu-tropha[22]..Schalk,N2ON2H4[25].,N2O,21d,5.51mmol/L2.34mmol/L[26].Goretski,NO,NO-22,15NO-214NO,15N14NN2O[13].Zart,N2O、NONO2,.NONO2,NO2,25℃70%NO2N2O4,N2O4NO2[22,27].,NOxN2O,NOx634　　　　　　　　　　ChinJApplEnvironBiol　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　11,NOx.2.2　NOx(NO,NO2),:.Schmidt,anammoxidans,NO2NH+4、NO-2NO-3,50×10-6,NO22,B.ana-mmoxidans0.003h-10.004h-1,NO2,;,Ni-trosomonas,B.anammoxidansNitro-somonasNO22×10630;NO0～600×10-6,NH+4B.anammoxidans,NO-2,NO,NO1000×10-6,NH+4、NO-2NO,B.anammoxidans0.001h-1,Nitrosomonas5[28]NOx.Schmidt,N.eutrophaNO2/N2O4NH+4NO-2NO,,NOx(NO、NO2)[6].Jetten,N.eutropha0.2nmol(NH+4)min-1mg()-1,25×10-6NO2,10[3,29].Schmidt,NH+4、NO2NO1∶2∶2,NO,,:NH3+N2O4(2NO2)+2H++2e-→NH2OH+2NO+H2O,NH2OH+H2O→HNO2+4H++4e-,:NH3+N2O4(2NO2)→HNO2+2NO+2H++2e-(3)[22,30].C2H2,C2H2,NO,NO