高浓度含氮废水生物脱氮新工艺研究朱明石

:2007-03-30:(20377013);(020959);。:(1982-),,,。··NewBiologicalDenitrifyingTechnologyfortheRemovalofHighConcentrationNitrogeninWastewater朱明石　周少奇　秦玉洁(华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院　广州　510640)　采用厌氧氨氧化-UASB工艺处理高浓度含氮废水,这是一种全新的生物脱氮工艺。厌氧氨氧化-UASB反应器、厌氧氨氧化-UASB-生物膜反应器在相同的进水条件和温控条件下稳定运行,实现了对氮素的持续去除能力,NH+4-N、NO-2-N、TN去除率分别保持在99.9%、99.9%、90.0%以上,稳定运行阶段出水pH值均保持在8.5附近。NH+4-N去除量与NO-2-N去除量、NO-3-N生成量的比值可以指示厌氧氨氧化反应器性能的演变。ANAMMOX菌在生长过程中需消耗碱度,因此反应器内pH值的变化可以反映生物反应的相对强度。生物膜的培养有利于ANAMMOX菌积累,UASB-生物膜反应器运行效果明显优于不具有生物膜的普通UASB反应器。　　　　UASBAbstract　ANAMMOX-UASBprocessisakindofnewbiologicaldenitrifyingtechnologyfortheremovalofhighcon-centrationnitrogeninwastewatertreatment.ANAMMOX-UASBreactorandANAMMOX-UASB-biofilmreactoraretowkindsofbioreactors,whichwereoperatingwellinthesameconditions,andthenitrogencouldberemovedcontinuously.TheremovalefficiencyofNH+4-NandNO-2-Nwas99.9%and99.9%,respectively;over90.0%ofthetotalnitrogen(TN)wasremoved;theeffluentpHvaluewaskeptaround8.5.TheratioofremovedNH+4-N,NO-2-NandproducedNO-3-NcouldindicatetheoperationoftheANAMMOXreactors.ThealkalinityisnecessaryforANAMMOXprocess,sothatthepHvaluecouldreflectthegrowthrateofANAMMOXbacteria.BiofilmshaddevelopedonthesupportmediaandthebacteriaincreasedrapidlyaccommodatedtotheoperationmodeofANAMMOXinUASBreactor.TheUASB-biofilmreac-torperformedbetterthanthecommonUASBreactorwhichhadnobiofilm.Keywords　AnaerobicAmmoniumOxidation　NitrogenRemoval　WastewaterTreatment　UASB　　,,。,Delft[1],(ANAMMOX)。(ANAMMOX),(NO-2-N),(NH+4-N)(N2)[2]。15N,N(NO-2-N),N(NH+4-N)。(NH2OH)(N2H4)[3]。NH+4+NO-2N2+2H2O1977Broda[4]。(ANAMMOX),Planctomycetales,Candi-datusBrocasiaanammoxidans[4]。CandidatusB.anammoxidans,,pH8.0、40℃,11d[5]。,—4—　34　1　20082DOI:10.16803/j.cnki.issn.1004-6216.2008.01.002、。,。,、pH。-UASB(Reactor1)、-UASB-(Reactor2)。1　1.1　[6],NH4Cl、NaNO2、MgSO4、KH2PO4、CaCl2、NaH-CO3、Ⅰ(FeSO4)Ⅱ(H3BO4、ZnSO4·7H2O、CoCl2·6H2O、MnCl2·4H2O、CuSO4·5H2ONiCl2·6H2O)。。。3.3g·L-1。1.2　(UASB),3.2L,2.28L,0.92L。1[7]。1.UASB2.3.4.5.6.7.8.1　1.3　NH+4-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N。NH+4-N,NO-2-NN-(1-)-,NO-3-N。pH。2　-UASB(Reactor1)、-UASB-(Reactor2)。R2,(Fe)。R1、R2,,。(32±1)℃。110d,R1、R2,ANAMMOX,,。2.1　R1、R2110d,ANAM-MOX,。,R1;R2(Fe),,。R1、R2StrousANAMMOX,。,,,NH+4-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N2、3,NH+4-N、NO-2-N。,,30～60mg·L-1,80mg·L-1,ANAMMOX,,,,。ANAMMOX,NO-3-N。R1、R2,170d,,。R10.068kg/m3d,NH+4-N、NO-2-N90%、95%,(TN),—5—　2　R1NH+4-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N3　R2NH+4-N、NO-2-N、NO-3-N55%。R20.092kg/m3d,NH+4-N、NO-2-N、TN95%、99%、80%。,,R1、R20.227kg/m3d、0.230kg/m3d。180～220d,R1,,NH+4-N15～35mg/L,40mg/L,NO-3-N50mg/L。,R2,NH+4-N、NO-2-N、TNR1。230d,R1、R2,NH+4-N、NO-2-N99.9%,TN90%,NO-3-N15～30mg/L,。370d,R1、R2,R1,NO-3-N70mg/L。2.2　2.2.1　NH+4-N、NO-2-N比率的影响　　(ANAMMOX),[8]。,;,。,,,()。VandeGraaf[9],,CO2NO-2-NNO-3-N,NO-3-N。NH+4-NNO-2-N、NO-3-N。4。110～180d,,NO-2-NNH+4-N,。NO-2-NNH+4-N,,NO-2-NNH+4-N,,—6—　34　1　200824　R2NO-2-NNH+4-N。,,NO-2-NNH4+-N180d1.0～1.31.5,1.5。,NO-2-NNH+4-N,300～420d,NH+4-N,NO-2-N,NO-2-N[10]。2.2.2　pH值和TN去除效果影响　　,ANAMMOX[11],pH,;,pH,,pH。,pH,NH+4-NNO-2-N,,pHNO-2-N、NH+4-N,,pH[12]。,(ANAMMOX)pH6.5～9.0,pH8.0[13,14]。NaHCO3pH7.4～7.9,,pH8.5,。ANAMMOX,pH5,pH,。R2pH,160dpH8.4,5　、pHTN;R1pH,7.5,210d,8.4。ANAMMOXTNpH,pH8.4,TN,90%。,ANAMMOX。,,pH8.4,TN90%,,。340d,pH,。R1pH,pH—7—　TN,,,pH7.6,TN65%,pH,。,R2pH,pH,7.5,TN,90%。20d,R2pH8.4,。pH,R1,pHTN,6.560%,pH,R1pHTN。R2,pH8.5,TN,R2,R1,。,R2(Fe),。3　-UASB(Reactor1)、-UASB-(Reactor2),,NH+4-N、NO-2-N、TN99.9%、99.9%、90.0%,pH8.5。NH+4-NNO-2-N、NO-3-N。,ANAM-MOX,pH。。,ANAMMOX。R2,R1,、R1。ANAMMOX,,,ANAMMOX,。　　　1.MulderA,vandeGraafAA,RobertsonLA,KuenenJG.An-aerobicammoniumoxidationdiscoveredinadenitrifyingfluidizedbedreactor[J].FEMSMicrobiolEcol,1995,16:177～184.2.Strous,M.,Kuenen,J.G.,Jetten,M.S.M.,Keyphysiologyofanaerobicammoniumoxidation[J].Appl.Environ.Microbi-ol.,1999,65:3248～3250.3.VandeGraafAA,deBruijnP,RoberstonLA,etal.Metabolicpathwayofanaerobicammoniumoxidationonthebasisof15Nstudiesinafluidizedbedreactor[J].Microbiology,1997,143:2415～2421.4.StrousM,FuerstJA,KramerEHM,LogemannS,MuyzerG,vandePas-SchoonenKT,WebbR.,KuenenJG,JettenMSM.Missinglitotrophidentifiedasnewplanctomycete[J].Na-ture,1999,400:446～449.5.JettenMSM,StrousM,vandePas-SchoonenKT,etal.Theanaerobicoxidationofammonium[J].FEMSMicrobiolRev,1999,22:421～437.6.,.[J].,2005,56(10):1826～1831.7.,.UASB[J].,2005,24(6):1～5.8.SchmidtI,SliekersO,SchmidM,etal.Aerobicandanaerobicammoniaoxidizingbacteriacompetitorsornaturalpartners[J].FEMSMicrobiologyEcology,2002,39(3):175～181.9.VandeGraafAA,DeBruijnP,RobertsonLA,etal.Autotro-phlicgrowthofanaerobicammonium-oxidizingmicro-organ-ismsinafluidizedbedreactor[J].Microbiology,1996,142(8):2187～2196.10.S.K.Toh.,Webb,N.J.Ashbolt.Enrichmentofautotrophicanaerobicammonium-oxidizingconsortiafromvariouswastewaters[J].MicrobEcol,2002,43:154～167.11..[J].(),2000,28(11):16～19.12.A.Mosquera-Corral,F.Gonzalez,etal.PartialnitrificationinaSHARONreactorinthepresenceofsaltsandorganiccar-boncompounds[J].ProcessBiochemistry,2005,40:3109～3118.13.StrousM,etal.Keyphysiologyofanaerobicammoniumoxida-tion[J].Appl.Environ.Microbiol,1999,65(7):3248～3250.14.EgliK,FangerU,AlvarezPJJ,etal.Enrichmentandchar-acterizationofananammoxbacteriumfromarotatingbiologi