高速公路路面径流控制措施初探张雪

21320086POLLUTIONCONTROLTECHNOLOGYVol.21,No.3Jun.,2008　,　　,　,　(东南大学市政工程系,江苏南京　210096)　:,,,、、、,、,。:;;:X52;X734　　　:APrimaryAnalysisonControlMeasuresforNanjingHighwayRunoffPollutionZHANGXue,　LIHe,　YANGXiao-li,　WANGShi-he(DepartmentofMunicipalEngineering,SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing,Jiangsu210096,China)Abstract:TheprimaryresultsofstudyonhighwayrunoffinNanjingareaddressedonthebasisofdomesticandforeignre-search.Thequantityandqualityofthehighwayrunoffareanalyzed.Controlmeasuresforhighwayrunoffpollutantsareintroducedsuchasvegetationcontrol,detentionpond,oxidationpond,constructedwetlandandfiltrationsystem,andtheeffects,strongpointanddrawbacksofthesemeasuresarecompared.Finally,themethodofthecombinationofvegetationcontrolanddetentionpond,constructedwetlandareconformedasthesuitablecontrolmeasuresforhighwayrunoffpollutioninNanjing.Keywords:roadrunoff;highway;controlmeasures:2008-04-07;:2008-04-24:　(1983—),,,,。1　　2004,3.42km,8.5km[1]。,。,。、,[2]。20%,50%SS、30%。,[3],30000/d,[4]。,,,《》Ⅲ,,SSCOD4,Ⅲ[5](1)。1　《》ⅢSS/(mg·L-1)45192(100)COD/(mg·L-1)1043.620,,,。,、,。2　2.1　水量特征,·74　　　·　.213,、。:、、、、、。、,、、、、。,,、。。,,,。,,。,,,,。2.2　水质特征,,(SS)、COD、BOD、TN、TP、(PAHs)。,Pb。(:、、)、、、、,。,,。30,,。,SS:75%CODSS。,,SS813～126mg/L,COD412～58mg/L,TPb0.77～0.05mg/L[5]。2。2,,SS,COD。,(),,。:(1),;(2)SS2　　　　　COD/(mg·L-1)47026.2641258400SS/(mg·L-1)7158.00813126220NH3-N/(mg·L-1)4.970.54---TN/(mg·L-1)9.460.99--40TP/(mg·L-1)2.500.03--8Pb/(mg·L-1)0.51　0.770.05;(3)SS;(4)。3　,(Vegetationcontrol)、(Detentionpond)、(Oxidationpond)、(Wetland)、(Infiltrationbasins)。3.1　绿化、植被控制、,。,、、、。、、、SSSS。,。,,,、[6]。,、,,,,。、,。,、,。Yousef,,,Zn、Pb、NiCd62%、57%、51%43%,PN[7]。DeleticFletcher,,,SS[8]。,20086　.·75　　　·。3.2　滞留池,。,;,,。、、4[9]。,。,、,。,。,[10]。,,。,,,。,。,[9],15%～25%,12%,1.5m。,KrishnappanMarsalek,[8]。HaresUWard,M25[11],,,85%～95%。,。,A-71[12]:85%20μm,。,5%～11%,,,,。[10],,COD,SS、TN,。,。,,,。,,,。3.3　氧化塘,。,,,[13]。,、。,、、、、,。,,,,。,,。50,,。[14]:14,,,COD73%,80%。,。3.4　人工湿地。,。,[6]。,、,COD、TN。TP,。,、,。:(SF)(SSF)。:。,(TP1mg/L),BOD5SS。:,;:,,,·76　　　·　.213。,SSFSF、,SSF,SSF,。,[15]。、、、。,,20,,[16]。[17],,TP、CODcr、TN80%、90%、95%。,[18]:0.3m/s≤v≤0.5m/s,v7m/s,,;10～15h,。24h;0.6m,0.45m,0.15m;1%,2%;,1m3/(m2·d)。[15],:TSS56%,TP82%,Zn23%,FC()29%。Shutes[18]:90%,80%,60%。,。,,,,。3.5　渗滤系统、、。、、、(partialexfiltrationtrench,PET)[19]。:;3m;;[20]。,。,,。Sansalone[21],PETSS、PAHs,PET。,,[22]。,SS,。N.R.Siriwar-dene、A.DeleticT.D.Fletcher,[19],:,(/)45cm,;,。,6μm,。3.6　联合控制措施,,,,。,、。,、,SS。、,SS,。、,。(),,,。,,--、/-/-/--,。,-/--。H.Pontier,J.B.WilliamsE.May[4],Berkshire,1。,2002,。,COD、BOD20086　.·77　　　·1　Berkshire。(),。,/。4　　、,、、、,,。,:(1)、;(2);(3),、;(4);(5)。、、,。、,。,,,,。-/--,。[][1]　　,　.()[D].:,2005.[2]　FurumaiH,BalmerH,BollerM.DynamicBehaviorofSuspen-dedPollutantsandParticleSizeDistributioninHighwayRunoff[J].WaterScienceTechnology,2002,46(11-12):413-418.[3]　SriyarajK,ShutesRBE.AnAssessmentoftheImpactofMo-torwayRunoffonaPondWetlandandStream[J].EnvironmentInternational,2001,26(5-6):433-439.[4]　PontierH,WilliamsJB,MayE.ProgressiveChangesinWaterandSedimentQualityinaWetlandSystemforControlofHigh-wayRunoff[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2004,319(1-3):215-224.[5]　,　,,.[J].,2001(5):445-448.[6]　,.[J].(),2004,21(3):50-53.[7]　YousefYA,Hvitved-JacobsenT,WanielistaMP,etal.Re-movalofContaminantsinHighwayRunoffFlowingThroughSwales[J].TheScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,1987,59:391-399.[8]　DeleticA,FletcherTD.PerformanceofGrassFiltersusedforStormwaterTreatment-aFieldandModellingStudy[J].Jour-nalofHydrology,2006,317(3-4):261-275.[9]　　.———[J].,2005(3):51-55.[10]　LundbergK,CarlingM,LindmarkP.TreatmentofHighwayRunoff:aStudyofThreeDetentionPonds[J].TheScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,1999,235(1-3):363-365.[11]　HaresRJ,WardNI.ComparisonoftheHeavyMetalContentofMotorwayStormwaterFollowingDischargeintoWetBiofiltra-tionandDryDetentionPondsAlongtheLondonOrbital(M25)Motorway[J].TheScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,1999,235(1-3):169-178.[12]　LeeP,TourayJ,BaillifP,etal.HeavyMetalContaminationofSettlingParticlesinaRetentionPondAlongtheA-71Mo-torwayinSologne,France[J].ScienceoftheTotalEnviron-ment,1997,201(1):1-15.[13]　,.[M].4.:,1999.[14]　　,,　.[J].,1999,19(S0):34-35.[15]　ReineltLE,HornerRR.PollutantRemovalfromStormwaterRunoffbyPalustrineWetlandsBasedonComprehensiveBudgets[J].EcologicalEngineering,1995,4(2):77-97.[16]　ShutesRBE.ArtificialWetlandsandWaterQualityImprove-ment[J].EnvironmentInternational,2001,26(5-6):441-447.[17]　　.[J].,2002,21(4):334-336.[18]　ShutesRBE,RevittaDM,LagerbergIM,etal.TheDesignofVegetativeConstructedWetlandsfortheTreatmentofHigh-wayRunoff[J].TheScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,1999,235(1-3):189-197.[19]　SiriwardeneNR,DeleticA,FletcherTD.CloggingofStormwa-terGravelInfiltrationSystemsandFilters:InsightsfromaLabo-ratoryStudy[J].WaterResearch,2007,41(7):1433-1440.[20]　.[D].:,[].[21]　SansaloneJJ,BuchbergerSG.AnInfiltrationDeviceasaBestManagementPracticeforImmobilizingHeavyMetalsinUrbanHighwayRunoff[J].WaterScienceTechnology,1998,32(1):119-125.[22]　　,,　,.[J].,2007,33(15):45-49.