工厂化水产养殖中的水处理技术韩世成

2009-06-16GA06B2032002DIB50121207HSYzx-YZ-11.1974-.1957-.、。、、。、、[12]。、、BOD、、、[34]。、。1。60%5mg/l2mg/l[5]。150070、、、、。S969AWaterTreatmentTechnologyinRecirculatingAquacultureSystemHANShi-cheng,CAOGuan-gbin,JINGShu-yi,CHENZhong-xiang(HeilongjiangRiverFisheriesResearchInstitute,ChineseAcademyofFisheryScience,Harbin150070,China)Abstract:Watertreatmentisonekindofkeytechnologyinrecirculatingaquaculturesystem.Basedonrequirementoffisherymodernization,thepresentpaperdescribedtheresultsofwatertreatmentresearchinrecentyearsandthedevelopmenttrendinfuture.Thecontentcollectedthemaintechnologiesandmethodsofwatertreatmentinrecircultingaquaculture,includingaeration,suspendedsolidremoval,ammoniaandnitrite-nitrogencontrol,dissolvedharmfullgastreatanddisinfections.Thosetechnologiesandmethodscanbeuesedinthepracticeofaquacultureandasthebaseoffurtherresearch.Keywords:recirculatingsystem,;aquaculture;watertreatment1005-3832200903-0054-0622320099CHINESEJOURNALFISHERIESVol.22No.3Sep.2009、、。、、。1.1。、1.3kgO2/kW·h(20℃28℃0.455kgO2/kW·h30～40kg/m3[5]。。1.2。40%。。。90%100kg/m3[6]。1．3[6,7]。20μm[7]。2[89]。5～50mg/l[10-12]。0.9～1.0,1kg150～200g[913]。。。30μm[1214]。、、。30μm。、[15-18]。。2.1、。(Tricklingfilter)(Pressedfilter)。。、、[19-21]。2.2。、。30～100μm36～67%60μm[1122]。。2.3。、、。3mm100%30μm79%30μm[23]。[24-26]。3·55·。2.4、。59%～90%[27],。4m/min1m/min[28]1.0～2.7m3/m2h[29]。。2.5。10～100μm[3031]。。。3、。1.4mg/l[32]。40%NH3+NH4+1.01kg33gN[913]。。7～32%NH4+NH3pH。、。。1mg/l0.05mg/l[33]。NH4+NH3pHpH。3.1NH3。pHpHHH4++OH-→←NH4OH→H2O+NH3↑pH11.5110795%[3435]。pHpH。。3.2。1mg/g95%10%24[36]。、。[37]。3.3、。(NitrosomonaseuropaeaandNitrosococcusmobilis)、(Nitrobacterwino-gradskiandGenusNitrospira)。。1mg/l。200mg/l[33]。。。380g/m3·day32kg/m3·day[26]。30℃15℃。22·56·、[38]。3.4。25.8%[39][4041]。。3.5[4243]。pH70.55%99%。、、、、。。4。20mg/l[44]。。pH。。。4.1[45]。4.2。4.3。5、。。。5.1、。0.1～0.2mg/l1～30min[46]。。5.2180-300nm[47]。15000～30,000μwsec./cm230000μW/cm100%2.67s1.60s[48]。。、----3·57·。。、、、。、、、、、、。1,,,.J.(),2003,22(1):35～39.2,.J.,2002,3:26～28.3Summerfelt,S.T.,AnintegratedapproachtoaquaculturewastemanagementinflowingwatersystemsC.In:Libey,G.S.,Timmons,M.B.(Eds.),ProceedingsoftheSecondIn-ternationalConferenceonRecirculatingAquaculture,Roanoke,USA,16-19July199887～97.4RonaldF.Malone,LanceE.Beecher,UseoffloatingbeadfilterstoreconditionrecirculatingwatersinwarmwateraquacultureproductionsystemsJ.AquaculturalEngi-neering20002257～73.5Boyd,C.E.andB.J.WattenAerationsystemsinaquacul-ture.CRCCriticalReviewsinAquaticSciencesJ.19891:425～472.6.J.200520,1:45～50.7ToshinoriMAKUTAandFumioTAKEMURA,SimulationofMicroGasBubbleGenerationofUniformDiameterinanUltrasonicFieldbyaBoundaryElementMethodJ.PhysicsofFluids,18,10108～102,20061～4.8Losordo,T.M.,Westers,H.,SystemcarryingcapacityandflowestimationM.In:Timmons,M.B.,Losordo,T.M.(Eds.),AquacultureWaterReuseSystems:EngineeringDe-signandManagement.Elsevier,Amsterdam,19949～60.9Asgard,T.,Shearer,K.D.,DietaryphosphorusrequirementofjuvenileAtlanticsalmon,SalmosalarLJ.Aquacult.Nutr.1997,3:17～23.10Alabaster,J.S.,Surveyoffish-farmeffluentsinsomeEIFACcountriesM.EIFACTechIn,Silkeborg,Den-mark,1982(41):5～20.11Bergheim,A.,Sanni,S.,Indrevik,G.,H?lland,P.,Sludgeremovalfromsalmonidtankeffluentusingrotatingmi-crosievesJ.Aquacult.Eng.1993,12:97～109.12Cripps,S.J.,Serialparticlesizefractionationandcharac-terisationofanaquaculturaleffluentJ.Aquaculture,1995,133:323～339.13Cho,C.Y.,Hynes,J.D.,Wood,K.R.,Yoshida,H.K.,Quantificationoffishculturewastesbybiological(nutri-tional)andchemical(limnological)methodsC;Pro-ceedingsoftheFirstInternationalSymposiumonNutri-tionalStrategiesinManagementofAquacultureWaste,Univ.Guelph,Ont.,Canada,June199137～50.14Kelly,L.A.,Bergheim,A.,Stellwagen,J.,ParticlesizedistributionofwastesfromfreshwaterfishfarmsJ.Aquacult.Int.1997,5:65～78.15Braaten,B.,Poppe,T.,Jacobsen,P.,Maroni,K.,Risksfromself-pollutioninaquaculture:evaluationandconse-quencesC.Proceedingsofthe3rdInternationalConfer-enceonAquafarming'Aquacoltura'86',Verona,Italy,Oct.9-10,1986139～165.16Liltved,H.,Hansen,B.R.,Screeningasamethodforre-movalofparasitesfrominletwatertofishfarmsJ.Aquacult.Eng.1990,9:209～215.17Klontz,W.,Stewart,B.C.,Eib,D.W.,OntheetiologyandpathophysiologyofenvironmentalgilldiseaseinjuvenilesalmonidsM.In:Ellis,A.E.(Ed.),FishandShellfishPathology.AcademicPress,London,1985199～210.18Welch,E.B.,Lindell,T.,EcologicalEffectsofWastewateM.AppliedLimnologyandPollutantEffects.ChapmanandHall,London,199276～81.19Drennan,D.,Golz,W.,Ahmed,H.,Malone,R.F.,Clarifi-cationabilitiesoffloatingbeadfiltersusedinrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsC.In:AquacultureEngineeringandWasteManagement,ProceedingsfromtheAquacul-tureExpositionVIIIandAquacultureMid-AtlanticCon-ference,Washington,D.C.,June24-28,1995256～257.20Losordo,T.M.,Rakocy,J.E.,Masser,M.P.,1992.Recir-culatingaquaculturetankproductionsystems.PublicationNo.453,NorthCarolinaCooperativeExtensionService,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,Raleigh.21Manthe,D.P.,Malone,R.F.,Kumar,S.,Submergedrockfilterevaluationusingoxygenconsumptioncriterionfor22·58·closedrecirculatingaquaculturesystemsJ.Aquac.Eng.1988,7:97～111.22Twarow