官厅水库流域水沙优化配置与综合治理措施研究水库泥沙淤积与流域水沙综合治理方略

20044JournalofSedimentResearch2:20031209:(:Scx2003-01):(1962),,,,,!∀∀∀胡春宏,王延贵(,100044):,(),;,;,()()(),:;;;:TV145:A:0468155X(2004)020011081,43402km2,93%,,,,[1],14191km2,33%;16173km2,37%;13038km2,30%169km2,14022km2;500km23484km2,12189km2;2316km2,10722km2:,16710km225840km2,91%,,852km2,,(70%)7183km2,(30%~70%)6320km2,(30%)3531km2;28152km2,649%,,,,,,,,11,1918~2000[2,3],1463#108m3594#106t;,915#108m3,1746#106t;20,,427#108m3355#106t,292%60%2050,1951,195510,:,19867m,11Table1MainparametersoftheGuantingreservoirm485274920m47904790m45520m47147m2904230m32270416m∃s-17020m3107299m∃s-1880011460m36025m∃s-118000m360m4830748484m3∃s-129606000m4900m3∃s-1560560m477774760221,,,,[3,4],1953~200065#108m3,29%,,,50,7041#104t,,50431#104m3;701077#104t,8951#104m3;80,,322#104m3,90489#104m3(1),501022+1601010+2∀1010,70901010∀1009,,1970~19902,1955~1997,13712#106t2388#106t16948#106t2926#106t563#106t,2173%3784%2686%464%892%90%,21955~1997Table2DeltasedimentationoftheGuantingreservoirfrom1955to1997106m31371223881694829265630%217337842686464892,()(),,1979,12,,,2060464m70467m;1979,,,,,80469m1995474m1Fig.1ProcessesofthedeltasedimentationintheGuantingreservoir22,[4,5]221,,80,3701986492m,,,222,,,162#108m3,75%(),80km,474m,,08#108m326#108m3,,223,1986492m,,,,,25km,,,208035km,31km,;,,,224,,,461m,444m,17m,;,,,13225,,1949,40,31,85,,,1999121#108t,,BOD5,1997,,,,,,,,331205060,,[6,7];,,7080,[1,8,9]1986(48527m492m),;15,3,2,15[1]:!,(1∀);%,(23456);&,(78);∋,(910);(,(11121314);),(15)90,,,,(),[5,10,11]32,:,,915m3,1732t;,,,,,,,,,,,[5],()()(),,,[4](3),,,,(),,,,,,,,;,143Table3BriefintroductionsofsedimentcontrolschemesinGuantingreservoir!1,,410#108m3,,2,(49km,50m,80m3s),,,3,(184km,260m3s,25m,12500),%(1)41010+21005,(3570m,300m3s,33~42m),(2)5:∗,1005,1000m3s;+(4km,481m),,;,,20m3s(3)6,,4,500~2000m3s;,50&7810m,,,,∋9,,,,1009(943km)10,9,(11,,,1009,66km12,,200m,17250m13,9km,,33km14,,,36km)15,,,,,15(a)2371113(b)456891012142Figure2LayoutofsedimentcontrolschemeintheGuantingreservior3Fig.3WatersedimentallocationandcomprehensivemeasuresinthebasinoftheGuantingreservoir16,,,,,3000m3s,,,,,,,,[5,12],1950~20004073#108t,1878%2368%1301%1353%,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,(),[1,13],,,;,,,4,,,,,,;,(),,;,,,,,[5,10]:∗;+();,;−;.,,,,,,;(),,();,,;,;17,:[1].[R].19866[2],.[R].,,199912[3],.[J].,2003,(6):25-30[4],,.[M].,200312[5],,,.[R].,.20026[6].[M].:,1958[7].[M].:,1959[8],,.[J].,1985,(3):10-21[9],.[R].198010[10],,.[R].,,20008[11],,.[R].,,199912[12],,.[R].,,20026[13],.[R].,20026StudyonwatersedimentoptimumallocationinupstreambasinandcomprehensivemeasuresofsedimentcontrolinGuantingreservoir!:ReservoirsedimentationandgeneralplanofwaterandsedimentcontrolHUChunhongWANGYangui(ChinaInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerResearch,Beijing100044)Abstract:AuthorshavestudiedthesedimentationprocessofGuantingreservoirandthegeneralplanofwaterandsedimentcontrolintheupstreambasin.TheimcomingflowwithasmallamountofwaterandmuchsedimentandthelongtermoperationwithhighstoragelevelhavecausedserioussedimentationinGuantingreservoir,whichresultsinseveralproblemssuchasreductionofthefloodingcontrolcriterionandtheguaranteedrateofthewatersupplytoBeijing,enlargementofinundatedfieldsinthereservoirtailandtheblockoftheflooddischargehole.Thecomprehensivecontrolmeasuresofwaterandsedimentinthebasinweregiveninthispaper,whichincludesedimenttrappingwithwaterandsoilconservationintheupstreambasin,reservoirsedimentationintheupstreamriver,comprehensiveutilizationofwaterandsedimentinthemiddlereach,sedimentcontrolintheGuantingreservoirsuchasdredging,andsedimentflushingtothelowerreach.SomeschemesofsedimenttreatmentintheGuantingreservoirweregivenfortheurgent,shortterm,andlongtermneeds.Keywords:Guantingreservoir;sedimentation;comprehensivecontrolmeasure;dredging18