海水池塘养殖废水净化减排系统的设计和工程化技术田景波

田景波1,王印庚1,孙修涛1,张辉1,2,黄滨1(1,266071;2,116023):为保护海域环境质量,减轻养殖产业的自身污染,在浙江省东海塘水产养殖基地的设计中,为505.1hm2的海水养殖池塘配置了80.0hm2的潮汐式人工湿地生物净化池和13.3hm2的河道式颗粒物降解系统。模型试验表明,海水人工湿地净化的工艺流程基本合理,净化系统运行平稳,经过跌水曝气—微生物膜降解—沙蚕摄食—缢蛏、牡蛎滤食—江蓠、紫菜、龙须菜的组合吸收等过程,养殖废水的COD、PO43--P、TAN、TSS等4项主要污染指标的平均降解率分别为70.45%、65.98%、71.10%、91.37%,取得了较显著的效果,实现了海水养殖废水的净化、减排的目的。:海水养殖;废水处理;人工湿地;生物净化:2008-02-03;:2008-03-14:“”(2006BAD09A11):(1961—),,,,。E-mail:[e-mail]　　,。,77.22t,14760hm2[1]。,,。[2],82t,3.14t,,。,、。、。,。,,,[2-7]。[8-10],。—,,。,。,。1—,3640hm2,13.4。,892hm2,29361.85。、、、,、,。,3、7、14,704hm2,505hm2(1)。2、2,100hm2,20%,15%。1《》2008352　;,“”,、,(2)。1Fig.1GenerallayoutofDonghaitangAquacultureBase2Fig.2Technologicalprocessofwastewaterpurificationsystem2.14,13.3hm2。38m,2100m,0.80m,8hm2。10m、1300m,0.65m,5.3hm2。,+0.80m1～2m。,,、,m=4.0,0.5mmHDPE。0.80mm=3.0,、,。、。2.1.1宽顶堰跌水坝、30cm,,。,,,。[11],。[12],COD、TN、TP,。,。2.1.2砾石基质护坦2.50m。,,,。5～8cm,2《》2008352　20cm。2.1.3底栖生物滤器筛选,,。,(Perinereisaibnhitensis)(Sinonovaculaconstricta)。,,,、。,,。,,。,。,,,。:20℃,96h,pHDO7.79%47.25%,COD23.60%15.94%[13]。,COD、PO43--P、TANTSS425.15%、66.4%、41.65%63.45%[10]。2.2。,、、。2.2.1潮汐型净化池,-1.50m,-2.50m。1.00m,65m3,11%。-0.30m,25%。,,,。,,26～32h。,,。2.2.2人工景观岛,—,,,16.7hm2。(+7.50m)、,,。、,,,。3。,、,、,。、,,。3.1、,———(Ostrearivularis)(Ostreagigas),,,。、,,、。,,。[14],5～25L/h,。[15],,,24h93%。3《》2008352　3.2,,、,、,。、、、,(Gracilariasjoestedtill)、(Gracilarialichevoides)、(Porphyrayezoensis)3、。、、0.5～18℃、5～25℃、10～35℃,+,+,。,、,,,、、。[16-18],1km2258t,1tN、P6.2kg0.6kg。,。[19],,。[20],,。4,Jones[21]——,88%、72%、86%。Summerfelt[22],95%80%～90%N、P。。1/1000,,。,。1,。、。,。Ⅱ,。,。1Tab.1Monitoringresultsofwaterqualityinthewetlandpurificationsystem　　　　　　　　pHDO(mg/L)COD(mg/L)PO4-P(mg/L)NO3-N(mg/L)NO2-N(mg/L)NH4-N(mg/L)TN(mg/L)TSS(mg/L)(cm)8.238.011.450.0480.5110.0070.0310.5488.153.0914.520.3410.5460.3250.1451.256226.328.97.797.664.290.1160.1370.0880.0460.36319.5472.0(%)70.4565.9874.9172.9268.2771.1091.3759.867.8～8.5≥5.0≤3.0≤0.02≤0.214≤0.008≤0.02≤0.05≤10.0Ⅱ7.3～8.4≥4.0≤4.0≤0.03≤0.2≤50.06.0～9.0≥2.0≤60.0≤0.5≤1.0≤15≤5005,1/3。、、、、2,35%,50%,5%,10%[23]。Funge-smith[24],4《》2008352　10%7%,,,。Tovara,,1t,9104.57kg,235.40kg,34.61kg,14.52kg,2.57kg[25]。,,,,,。,,。,、。,、、。、、、、。、,、,。,,。、,,,。◆[1].[C].:,2006:1-8.[2].[J].,1996:15(4):58-61.[3],.[J].,2000(5):10-11.[4],.—[J].,2004,28(6):689-694.[5],,,.[J].,2005,29(4):574-577.[6],,　,.[J].,2006(6):3-6.[7]　,　,,.—[J].,2006(1):12-14.[8],,　,.[J].,2002,23(4):29-34.[9],,,.[J].,2005(4):17-19,21.[10].[J].,2004(3):6-9.[11],,　,.[J].,2007,33(9):175-177.[12],,.[J].,2007,33(2):77-78.[13],.[J].,2006(2):77-78.[14],,,.[J].,2007,18(4):871-879.[15],,.[J].,2006,27(4):36-43.[16],,,.[J].,2005(4):15-16.[17],,,.[J].,2005,12(2):225-231.[18],　,.[J].,2007,14(3):430-435.[19].[J].,2006(4):11-13.[20],,,.[J].,2007,28(2):23-27.[21]JONESAB,DENMSONWC,PRESTONNP.Integratedtreatmentofshrimpeffluentbysedimentation,oysterfiltrationandmacroalgalabsorption:alaboratoryscalestudy[J].Aqua-culture,2001,193:155-178.[22]SUMMERFELTST,ADLERPR,GLENNDM,etal.Aqua-culturessludgeremovalandstabilizationwithincreatedwetlands[J].AquaculturalEngineering,1999,19(2):81-92.[23],,,.[J].,2007,26(5):300-302.[24]FUNGE-SMITHSJ,BRIGGSMRP.Nutrientbudgetsinin-tensiveshrimpponds:implicationsforsustainability[J].Aqua-culture,1998,164(18):117-133.[25]TOVARA,MORENOC,MANUEL-VEZMP,etal.Environ-mentalimplicationsofintensivemarineaquacultureinearthenponds[J].MarinePollutionBulletin,2000,40(11):981-988.(下转第10页)5《》2008352　[1].[M].:,2005:53-54.[2],.14[J].,2001,27(3):243-247.[3],,,.[J].,2005,24(2):1-4.[4],.[J].,2006,12(4):77-82.[5].3011[J].,2002(5):14-16.[6],,.[M].:,1999:24-25.[7],.[J].,1999,28(3):7-10.[8].[J].,2006(1):20-22.[9]HEATHRL,PACKERL.Effectoflightonlipidperoxidationinchloroplasts[J].BiochemBiochysRerCommun,1965,19:716.[10].[M].:,1996:120-123.[11].[M].:,2002:34-36.[12]ZOUNing,ZHOUBai-cheng.Effectsofcelldensity,lightin-tensityandmixingonUndariapinnatifidagametophyteactivityinaphotobioreactor[J].BimolecularEngineering,2003,20:281-284.ThechangeofdissolvedoxygenandpHofthemarinemicroalgaecultivationinair-liftphotobioreactorLIUWei-na1,WUYin1,XUZhe2,SUNJian-ming2(1CollegeofLifeScienceandBiotechnology,DalianFisheryUniversity,Dalian116023,China;2DalianHuixinTianiumEquipmentDevelopmentCo.,Dalian116039,China)Abstract:Toprovidereferenceframeforefficientcultivationofmicroalgaeintheair-liftphotobioreator.Thechangesofdissolvedoxygen(DO)andpHof900×104cell/mL,700×104cell/mLand500×104cell/mLIsochrysiszhanjiangensiscultivationin80L,350Land900Lphotobioreatorswereinvestigated.Thephoto-synthesisintensityofIsochrysiszhanjiangensiswashighwhenthelightstrengthwasabove4000lx.Underthreedensities,900×104cell/mL,700×104cell/mL,500×104cell/mL,thehighestDOcouldreach17.91mg/L,15.84mg/L,12.7mg/Lrespectively;Comparedwith80Lphotobioreator,350Land900LhighcapabilityphotobioreatorswerealsogoodforthegrowthofIsochrysiszhanjiangensis.ThevarietyofpHvalueineachphotobioreatorswasin7.00～9.16scope.Keywords:photobioreactor;lsochrysiszhanjiangensis;pH;dissolvedoxygen;microalgaedensity(上接第5页)DesignandengineeringofmaricultureeffluentspurificationsystemTIANJing-bo1,WANGYing