好氧反硝化菌脱氮特性研究进展梁书诚

＊梁书诚　赵　敏＊＊　卢　磊　赵丽艳(,150040)　　好氧反硝化菌的发现,是对传统反硝化理论的丰富与突破.由于其在脱氮方面的独特优势,已成为目前废水生物脱氮领域研究的热点.好氧反硝化菌能够在有氧条件下,利用有机碳源生长的同时将含氮化合物反硝化生成N2等气态氮化物,多数还能同时进行异养硝化作用,将铵态氮直接转化为含氮气体.本文从电子理论、反硝化酶系等方面对目前已分离出的一些好氧反硝化菌的脱氮特性及其脱氮机理进行探讨,分析了溶解氧、碳源类型及C/N等环境条件对其脱氮作用的影响,介绍了好氧反硝化菌的筛选方法及应用现状,对其应用前景和发展方向进行了展望.　好氧反硝化菌　反硝化酶　脱氮特性　作用机理　异养硝化　1001-9332(2010)06-1581-08　　Q939.9　　AResearchadvancesindenitrogenationcharacteristicsofaerobicdenitrifiers.LIANGShu-cheng,ZHAOMin,LULei,ZHAOLi-yan(CollegeofLifeSciences,NortheastForestryUniversity,Harbin150040,China).-Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2010,21(6):1581-1588.Abstract:Thediscoveryofaerobicdenitrifiersistheenrichmentandbreakthroughoftraditionaldenitrificationtheory.Owingtotheiruniquesuperiorityindenitrogenation,aerobicdenitrifiershavebecomeahotspotinthestudyofbio-denitrogenationofwastewater.Underaerobicconditions,theaerobicdenitrifierscanutilizeorganiccarbonsourcesfortheirgrowth,andproduceN2fromnitrateandnitrite.Mostofthedenitrifierscanalsoproceedwithheterotrophicnitrificationsimultaneously,transformingNH4+-Ntogaseousnitrogen.Inthispaper,thedenitrogenationcharacteristicsandac-tionmechanismsofsomeisolatedaerobicdenitrifierswerediscussedfromtheaspectsofelectronthe-oryanddenitrifyingenzymesystem.TheeffectsoftheenvironmentalfactorsDO,carbonsources,andC/Nonthedenitrogenationprocessofaerobicdenitrifierswereanalyzed,andthescreeningmethodsaswellasthepresentandpotentialapplicationsofaerobicdenitrifiersinwastewatertreat-mentweredescribedanddiscussed.Keywords:aerobicdenitrifier;denitrifyingenzyme;denitrogenationcharacteristics;actionmecha-nism;heterotrophicnitrification.＊(30671702).＊＊.E-mail:[e-mail]2009-09-29,2010-04-11.　　,.,、,[1].,,.,,.,,[2].,.、.1　2080,RobertsonKuene[3]Thiosphaerapantotropha　20106　21　6　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,Jun.2010,21(6):1581-1588DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.2010.0205(Paracoccuspantotrophus)、Pseudomonasspp.Alcaligenesfaecalis.[4-5].,,,Klebsiellapneumoniae[6]、Comamonastestosteroni[7]、Pseudomonasputida[8].(Pseudomonas)、(Bacillus)(Alcaligenes)、,1.2　,Thiosphaerapantotropha,Robertson[27].,,,.caa3“”.,.Wilson[28](1),NO3-O2,O2,NO3-.1　([28])Fig.1　Electrontransportchainofbacteriadenitrification(adaptedfrom[28]).NR:Nitratereductase;Nir:Nitritere-ductase;Nor:NONitricoxidereductase;Nos:N2ONi-trousoxidereductase.2.1　T.pantotropha,.、、.2.1.1(nitratereductase,NR)　T.pantotropha,(membrane-boundnitratereductase,NAR)(periplasmicnitratere-ductase,NAP)..,NAR,;NAP,.,NAP[29].NAP,NAR.NAR[30],NAP,-.:NAP90kDa(NapA)16kDac552(NapB),.NAR,NAP,[31].2.1.2(nitritereductase,NIR)　.NO,,[32].,:cd1,Cytcd1,NONO2;,Cu,Cu,NO.Moir[33]P.pantotrophaCytcd1,63kDa,.Fulop[34]P.pantotrophacd1,NO,O24.NO(RNS),.Doi[35]1582　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　211　Tab.1　NitrogenremovalcharacteristicsofaerobicdenitrifiersGenusStrainDissolvedoxygen(DO)DenitrificationrateReferencePseudomonasPseudomonasputidaAD-215.0～6.0Ⅰ2.9a[8]Pseudomonasaeruginosa1.0～1.3Ⅰ1.7b[9]PseudomonasstutzeriSU292%Ⅱ0.032b[10]PseudomonasstutzeriNS-22.7Ⅲ0.25a[11]PseudomonaspseudoalcaligenesZW2379%～95%Ⅱ1.55a[12]PseudomonasmendocinaZW2779%～95%Ⅱ1.59a[12]PseudomonasstutzeriTR21.24Ⅰ0.9e[13]Pseudomonassp.strainK501.24Ⅰ0.03e[13]AlcaligenesAlcaligenesdenitrificansDCBT25F0.092b[5]Alcaligenessp.STC110%Ⅱ6.67a[14]ParacoccusParacoccusdenitrificationsDSM294430%Ⅱ1.38c[15]Paracoccussp.DB2F0.054a[16]BacillusBacillussp.SF35-167%～84%Ⅱ0.062a[17]BacilluscereusHS-N25N.R.0.556a[18]Bacillussubtilis30%ⅡN.R.[19]Bacilluslicheniformis30%ⅡN.R.[19]MesorhizobiumMesorhizobiumsp.strainNH-14N.R.N.R.[20]KlebsiellaKlebsiellapneumoniaeF2522F1.04a[6]Klebsiellasp.JF35-167%～84%Ⅱ0.088a[17]ThaueraThauerastrainTL1N.R.N.R.[15,21]OchrobactrumOchrobactrumanthropiT23F43.3g[5]CitrobacterCitrobacterdiversus5Ⅰ5.35b[22]PsychrobacterPsychrobacterimmobilisDCBT62Ⅰ360f[5]RhodococcusRhodococcussp.HNN.R.N.R.[23]StenotrophomonasStenotrophomonasmaltophiliastrainX0413.8～5.2Ⅰ0.187d[24]MarinococcusMarinococcussp.NCDX-3F0.093a[25]MicrovirgulaMicrovirgulaaerodenitrificansDS1F0.098a[16]MicrovirgulaaerodenitrificansDB1F0.079a[16]ComamonasComamonastestosteroniWXZ-1766%～92%Ⅱ0.041a[7]HerbaspirillumHerbaspirillumsp.WXZ-1466%～92%Ⅱ0.020a[7]BurkholderiaBurkholderiacepaciaNH-17N.R.N.R.[26]DelftiaDelftiaWXZ-966%～92%Ⅱ0.037a[7]DerxiaDerxiasp.JF45-267%～84%Ⅱ0.082a[17]Ⅰ:30℃DO30℃estimatedvalueofdissolvedoxygen(mg·L-1);Ⅱ:DOSaturationdegreeofdissolvedoxygen;Ⅲ:mmol·L-1;F:Absoluteaerobic;N.R.:Notreferred.a)mmolNO3--N·L-1·h-1;b)mmolNO3--N·g-1(DM)·h-1/mmolNO3--N·g-1(drycell)·h-1;c)mmolNO3--N·g-1(pro)·h-1;d)mmolNO2--N·L-1·h-1;e)μmol·min-1(540nm);f)mgN·g-1·d-1;g)N2mmol·g-1(pro)·h-1.15836　　　　　　　　　　　　　　:　　　　　　OchrobactrumanthropiYD50.2,CuNO,Nir-norRNS,.2.1.3NO(nitricoxidereductase,NOR)　NO,,34kDa15kDa.bc,.,bc6,b5,CO.c550,cNO,NON2O[36].NONO,NO,NO,NO.2.1.4N2O(nitrousoxidereductase,NOS)　N2ON2N2O.N2O,67kDa,.Bell[29],,T.pantotrophaN2O,NO、N2O,.Berks[37]T.pantotrophaN2O,.T.pantotrophaRhodobactercapsulatusN2O,,P.pantotrophaN2ON2[29].,,N2O.2.2　(DO)、(C/N)、、pH,、.,DOC/N[22].2.2.1DO　,.DO3mg·L-1(1).DO.,,DO.DO,,DO,[38].Patureau[39]Micro-virgulaaerodenitrificans:DO4.5mg