荷兰水管理体制及水务局职能

8,..,1997,16(1):11~159,..,2000,16(3):131~13410,..,1992,8(4):20~2211ColeDw,HenryCL.Proceedingsofthe1983workshoponutilizationofwastewaterandsludgeonland.Forestsystem.UniversityOfCal-ifornia,198312,..,1994,25(3):126~12913,..,2001(11):24~2614,..,2000,25(2):65~6715,..,2002,13(2):159~16216,..,2001,7(5):511~51517,..,2001,16(3):54~6518,..,2001,21(4):504~50619,..,2000,16(12):18~21P:150090:[phone]E-mail:[e-mail]:2003O1O13荷兰水管理体制及水务局职能*郝晓地荷兰在水管理方面的成功经验闻名于世,这归因于荷兰有着合理的水管理体制和有效的管理机构作为一种古老而又有着强大生命力的特殊公共水管理机构,水务局负责对荷兰境内的水量与水质进行双重管理,从根本上避免了/龙多不治水0的弊端水务局以水为本,服务于民民众与业主/关心-出资-表态0三位一体的参与方式形成水务局工作模式基础荷兰卓有成效的独立水管理体制使得她不仅在水利技术,而且在污水处理技术和水生态恢复技术方面均领先于世界着重介绍了荷兰的水管理体制以及水务局职能与工作方式水务局管理机构地表水水量管理水质管理水务费污染税,,,300km,200km,41526km2,,1/9,80%(34000km2))))(),1/3;,617m,50%,60%*2002(02-2-2,1),,1))),,(13)))),()26Vol129No192003,,(),1850,3500,,,,2050,2500195321,20031,48,,2005252,()(12)(572),,,,,,,,,,;(),3(),:,,,,,,,,,,,,(,),,,,,()4,(,),(),,(),,(30)4;(Vol129No192003275);,6(),100900;10000,5,(1927),48()60,41,(),60%30,()626(2000),,73%(60%),27%():/95%,5%,,,,,,144,1301hm265,,112002,148(40~62),13,14480%,20%,()240,,,,72121200021,,,,,,,,28Vol129No192003,,(),()8,,,,,,,811,,()(),,,,3500km,,()14000km,,,,,,,/0/()0(1)1200,20195321,1835,47000187km,,1986104,,,,(2)(),,19931995(),,,,20008122070,,,,410,,400(1600),192070,,Vol129No19200329,41090%,,,,,,,(),,,():12,34,,,,,,,,,,813,,,:¹;º;»;¼;½,,,,,3,,,,,,,,,,参考文献1AssociationofWaterBoards.AboutWaterBoards.POBox80200,2508GEDenHaag,theNetherlands,20032AssociationofWaterBoards.Successfactorsinsel-ffinancinglocalwatermanagement)acontributiontotheThirdWorldWaterForuminJapan2003.POBox80200,2508GEDenHaag,theNether-lands,20033AssociationofWaterBoards.TheactivitiesofDutchwaterboardsabroad.POBox80200,2508GEDenHaag,theNetherlands,2003P:100044:[phone]:2003O5O1930%,5,,,,,,,60cm;(水工)30Vol129No192003WATER&WASTEWATERENGINEERINGVol129No19September2003ABSTRACTSStudyonDrinkingWaterSafetyofAdvancedPurificationbyOzonizationandBiologicalActivatedCarbonProcessZhangJinsongetal(1),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Abstract:Inthispaper,thebiologicalstabilization,mutagenicactivityanddisinfectionbyproductprecursorsinthedrinkingwaterarestudiedfortheoutputwaterofozonizationandbiologicalactivatedcarbon(BAC)process.TheresultsshowthatAOCwillincreasebyusingozonizationprocess,buttheBACprocesscanimprovethebiologicalstabilizationandreduceobviouslythemutagenicactivity.TheozonizationprocesscanremoveeffectivelytheprecursorsofbothTHMandHAAs,andtheBACprocesscanalsoremovetheHAAsprecursor;butitislimitedtoremovetheTHMprecursor.Insum,theadvantagesoftheozonizationandBACcanbeexertedindividually,andpromoteandco-operateeachother.Thisprocessiseffectivetoremovepollutants,andcanensurethedrinkingwatersafety.OzoneOxidation-ActivatedCarbonProcessinZhoujiaduWaterworksZhouYunetal(5),,,,,,,,,,,,,Abstract:Thestructures,designparameters,featureandperformanceofthenewlyconstructedozoneoxidation-activatedcarbonprocessofZhoujiaduWaterworksinShanghaiarepresented.Theoperationandoperatingresults,theinvestmentandtheoperatingexpensesofthisfacilityaredescribed.TechnicalReformandExpansionofNanxingqiaoWaterworksinHangzhouWangRuhua(9),,,,,,,,,,,,Abstract:Thebackgroundanddesigncontentsdefinedbytheengineeringproposalofthisprojectarepresentedbrieflyinthispaper,whichincludethetechnicalreformandfirststageexpansionofNanxingqiaoWaterworksinHangzhou.Asakeyissuethedesignfeaturesofozoneoxidationandactivatedcarbonprocessaredescribedindetail.SludgeIncinerationinShidongkouWastewaterTreatmentPlantYangXinhaietal(19),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Abstract:Thesludgedisposalofurbanwastewatertreatmentplantisconcernedmoreandmorebythecolleaguesinwaterandwastewaterfield.SludgeincinerationhasbeenchosenbytheShidongkouWastewaterTreatmentPlantinShanghai.Inthispaperthegeneralpropertiesofurbanwastewatersludgeanditemsrelatedtosludgeincinerationsuchastheprocessstructure,controlparameters,investmentandoperatingexpensesaregiven.DisposalofUrbanWastewaterSludgeandSustainableDevelopmentofAgricultureLiJieetal(23),,,,,,,,,,Abstract:Withtheincreasingofwastewaterdischarge,thewastewatersludgeaccumulationbecomesmoreandmoreessentiallydangeroustothenaturalenvironment.Meanwhileduetothemassiveapplicationofchemicalfertilizer,thesoilisalsopollutedandisfallingtodeterioration.Theexistingwastewatersludgedisposalmethodsarediscussedonviewsofsustainabledevelopmentofagricultural,environmentalprotectionandconsideringtheglobalnutrientcycleofN,P,Kandsoon.Itisbelievedthatagriculturalsludgedisposalmightbethebestway.Bythiswayitwillbehelpfultonormalwatercirculationinthenature.WaterAuthorityinNetherlandsHaoXiaodi(26),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Abstract:Netherlandsiswellknownforitssuccessfulexperiencesonwatermanagement,duetoitsreasonableregimeandeffectiveadministrationonwatermanagement.Asanoldandlastingpublicauthority,waterboardsarere-sponsibleforwatermanagementonbothquantityandquality,essentiallyevadingthedrawbacksofnon-solutionsbymultipleauthorities.TheDutchwaterboardmodelisbasedontheguidingprincipleof.Interest-Pay-Say..Independentandeffecti