黑水处理与资源化进展郑永菊

:2008-04-21:(2006DFB926902007DFA90280):(1985-),,,。:,Email:[e-mail]郑永菊,陈洪斌,何群彪(,　200092)　:,,,、,、。、、,。:;;;:X703;S216.4　　:A　　:1000-1166(2008)05-0009-06AReviewonBlackwaterTreatmentandResourcization/ZHENGYong-ju,CHENHong-bin,HEQun-biao/(SchoolofEnvironmentScienceandTechnology,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200092,China)Abstract:Thetreatmentandresourcizationtechnologiesofblackwaterindomesticandabroadinrecentyearsarereviewedinthispaper.Andtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthesetechnologiesarecompared.Itispointedoutthattheresourci-zationtechnologiescouldrecycletheorganicmatter,recoverthenitrogenandphosphorousnutrientsfromblackwater,andtheyareenvironment-friendlyandareresource-economicalchoices.Itisaprospectivewayforblackwatertoimplementtheresourcizationtechnologyforutilizationofvariousnutrientsinblackwater.Keywords:blackwater;anaerobictreatmen;aerobictreatment;resourcizationtechnology　　,(blackwater)。:;,[1,2]。,,。80%～90%、50%～57%[3]。、[4]。,400～500L、50L,1500L[5]。1.44×107,1220。,。NLSchouw,[6]。,、,,[7]。、,,,“”[8]。,7.5%[9]。,,。,(greywater),,、,。、,[10～12]。,;、,,,。,、,。。1　1.1　预处理技术9ChinaBiogas2008,26(5),,,。HUBERHONEYMONSTER[13,14]。,HUBER。,、,、,。HONEYMONSTER,。,,,[14]。,。,。,。,。,[15],,CODCr61%94%,BOD550%89%。,、,、,,[16]。。,,。、—,,,,,。,[17,18]。1.2　厌氧处理技术(anaerobicdigestion)、。,、,。,100m3540,3.6,[19]。,,、,。[20]、、,,。,。,,,,,[21]。[22]。YFeng,1(ADM1),,、。、,,,,、,。、、。1.3　黑水的好氧处理技术(MBR)。[23]。MBR、。,MBR,,,MBR[24]。10ChinaBiogas2008,26(5)10m3·d-1(COD),MBR15L·m-2h-1、1、300·m-2,,MBR,,[25]。Magara—、—、,,—MBR,—,MBR5%[26]。MBR,。MBR,Ick-TaeYeom[27](),8～15h,TCODSS96%100%,TN83%。,4～5,,MBR。MBR。,,,、[5,28,29]。,,,[30]。、:BOD5NH4-N1,1.0～2.0g·L-1,1.0～2.0mg·L-1,Na2CO3NaOH,,241.5mg·L-110mg·L-1,[30]。,。,,[31,32],COD,BOD5,NH4-N,24mg·L-1,2.4mg·L-1,5mg·L-1,300.2,0.32～0.64kWh·m-3。MBR,。—SBR,COD70%,70%,,CODCr,,[33]。(MBR),、,,、。1.4　好氧—厌氧结合处理技术—,,。[34]NH3-N,1。CODNH3-N1.2～1.4kg·m-3d-10.1～0.11kg·m-3d-1,CODNH3-N15mg·L-15mg·L-1,。1　　　,,,。,、、、[35]。,[36]。11ChinaBiogas2008,26(5),、,。2　　　,,,、。。,,;,,,CODBOD6.16mg·L-15.64mg·L-1,,[37]。。[38],2。。:1L·-1,1kg0.4～0.6L;28d;(ABR)COD91%;、,67.5%,33.4%。ABRNH3-N20%,()[39]。ABR,。2　　　,OJSkjelhaugen[40],,,。,,,。,、。RuzenaGajdos[41],、、(),、,、、,、。。(JapanScienceandTechnologyAgency,JSTA)(Bio-toi-let),、、(Sawdust),,、,,[42]。KUshijima[43]SeiwaDenkoKBT-l0(SawdustToilet,SDT)9,,SDT、、,40℃,55℃,75℃,0.493,0.680,0.764kg·d-1。NaokoNakagawa[44],,,45～55℃,50%。,40～50d。,、、,、,、。4　　　、,、,,。、12ChinaBiogas2008,26(5),、,、,,、,、。,,,、,,。,,,,,,。,、、、。,,。:[1]　BJefferson,ALaine.Wastewaterrecyclingthepotentialformembranebio-reactors[J].WaterQualityInterna-tional,1997,(11-12):12-13.[2]　FHammes,YKalogo,WVerstrate.Anaerobicdigestiontechnologiesforclosingthedomesticwater,carbonandnutrientcycles[J].WatSciTech,2000,41(3):203-211.[3]　GZeeman,GGLettinga.Theroleofanaerobicdigestionofdomesticsewageinclosingthewaterandnutrientcyclecommunitylevel[J].WatSciTech,1999,39(5):187-195.[4]　EranFriedler,DavidMBrown.AstudyofWCderivedsewersolids[J].WatSciTech,1996,33(9):17-24.[5]　YaoboFan,GangLi.Treatmentandreuseoftoiletwastewaterbyanairliftexternalcirculationmembranebio-reactor[J].ProcessBiochemistry,2006,41:13641370.[6]　NLSchouwa,SDanteravanich..CompositionofhumanexcretaasacasestudyfromSouthernThailand[J].TheScienceoftheTotalEnvironment,2002,286:155-166.[7]　,.[J].,1999,12(4):42-45.[8]　.[J].,2000,17(1):48-51.[9]　,,.[J].,2007,29(4):104-106.[10],,,.[J].,2006,25(2):20-25.[11]UnoWinblad.DevelopmentofEco-sansystems.Pro-ceedingsoftheinternationalsymposium“ecosan-closingtheloopinwastewatermanagementandsanitation”[G]//Germany:GTZ,2000.54-56.[12]EvaEriksson,KarinaAuffarth,MogensHenze,AnnaLe-din.Characteristicsofgreywastewater[J].UrbanWa-ter,2002,4:85-104.[13].[J].,2004,12(2):123-125.[14],.HONEYMONSTER[J].,2007,4:34-36.[15],.[J].,1996,4:23-25.[16].[J].,1997,10(16):32-33.[17],,.[J].,2001,7():32-33.[18],,,.[J].,2002,2(4):14-17.[19],.[J].,2002,5:12-14.[20].[J].,2003,4:20-22.[21],.[J].,1996,9(2):27-29.[22]YFeng,JBehrendt.ImplementationoftheIWAanaero-bicdigestionmodelNo.1(ADM1)forsimulatingdiges-tionofblackwaterfromvacuumtoilets[J].WaterScienceTechnology,2006,53(9):253263.[23],,.[J].,200121(6):1-3.[24],.[J].,2002,2(3):75-77.(25)13ChinaBiogas2008,26(5)。,,,,。(2),。,;,。,。(3),,,,《》《》,。:[1]　.[J]..2006,02:23-26.[2]　.[J]..2007(8):7-10.[3]　.[M].2005.[4]　FederG,JustRE.AdoptionofAgriculturalInnovationsinDevelopingCountries:ASurvey[J].EconomicDevel-opmentandCulturalChange,1985,33:255-297.[5]　,.:、、[J].,1999(1):55-60.[6]　,.[J].,1995(5):18-21.[7]　.[J].,2007(1).[8]　.[J].,2006(17):85-87.[9]　..、[M]..1994.(13)[25],.[J].,1997,5(4):27-30.[26]YMagara,MItoh.Theeffectofoperationalfactorsonsol-id/liquidseparationbyultra-membranefiltrationinabi-ologicaldenitrificationsystemforcollectedhumanexcretatreatmentplants[J].WatSciTech,1991,23(7-9):1583-1590.[27]Ick-TaeYeom,Yoo-MiNah,Kyu-HongAhn.Treat-mentofhouseholdwastewaterusinganintermittentlyaera-tedmembranebioreactor[J].Desalination1999,124:193-204.[28],,.[J].,2004,5(7):70-75.[29],.[J].,2003,24(2):125-129.[30],,,.[J].,2006,32(3):49-53.[31],,,.[J].,2005,21(5):88-90.[32],,,.[J].,2006,7(5):39-42.[33],.-SBR[J].,2003,(1