华北低平原区地下水中氟分布特征及形成原因以南皮县为例孔晓乐

3611201511ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol．36No．11Nov．2015121*1231．0500212．1000493．030006．．———．、1.00mg·L－1．．X523A0250-3301201511-4051-09DOI10．13227/j．hjkx．2015．11．0142015-05-042015-06-292013BAD05B021987～[e-mail]*[e-mail]sticsandSourceofFluorideinGroundwaterinLowerPlainAreaofNorthChinaPlainACaseStudyinNanpiCountyKONGXiao-le12WANGShi-qin1*ZHAOHuan12YUANRui-qiang31．KeyLaboratoryofAgriculturalWaterResourcesChineseAcademyofSciencesHebeiKeyLaboratoryofWater-savingAgricultureCenterforAgriculturalResourcesResearchInstituteofGeneticsandDevelopmentalBiologyChineseAcademyofSciencesShijiazhuang050021China2．UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100049China3．SchoolofEnvironmentandResourceShanxiUniversityTaiyuan030006ChinaAbstractThereisanobviousregionalcontradictionbetweenwaterresourcesandagriculturalproduceinlowerplainareaofNorthChinahoweverexcessivefluorineindeepgroundwaterfurtherlimitstheuseofregionalwaterresources．InordertounderstandthespatialdistributioncharacteristicsandsourceofF－ingroundwaterstudywascarriedoutinNanpiCountybyfieldsurveyandsamplinghydrogeochemicalanalysisandstableisotopesmethods．TheresultsshowedthatthecenteroflowfluorideconcentrationsofshallowgroundwaterwaslocatedaroundreservoirofDalangLakeandcentersofhighfluorideconcentrationswerelocatedinsoutheastandsouthwestofthestudyarea．Theregionwithhighfluorideconcentrationwasconsistentwiththeover-exploitationregionofdeepgroundwater．Pointsourcepollutionofsubsurfacedrainageandnon-pointsourceofirrigationwithdeepgroundwaterinsomeregionswerethemaincausesfortheincreasingF－concentrationsofshallowgroundwaterinpartsofthesamplingsites．RockdepositionandhydrogeologyconditionswerethemaincausesforthehighF－concentrations1.00mg·L－1thresholdofdrinkingwaterqualitystandardinChinaindeepgroundwater．F－releasedfromclaymineralsintothewaterincreasedtheF－concentrationsindeepgroundwaterbecauseofover-exploitation．WiththeincreasingexploitationandutilizationofbrackishshallowgroundwaterandthecompressingandrestrictingofdeepgroundwaterexploitationthewaterenvironmentinthemiddleandeastlowerplainareaofNorthChinawillundergosignificantchangeanditisimportanttoidentifythedistributionandsourceofF－insurfacewaterandgroundwaterforreasonabledevelopmentanduseofwaterresourcesinfuture．KeywordsfluoridecontaminationgroundwatersurfacewaterNanpiCountylowerplainareaofNorthChina1．0.5～1mg·L－11mg·L－1、、、23．364．5．2005～20101980～1985、6．．450m3776%8．82.4%8．、、．20146．．“”、．2955m39．．3～5mg·L－110．11．--、．．．12、1314．．．11.137°50'～38°11'、116°32'～117°02'．、．5.31hm23.52hm2．535.7mm1516．、、、、、、、、、．41ⅠQh．5～10m．ⅡQ3P＞5g·L－1．Ⅰ、ⅡⅢQ2P、ⅣQ1P1617．1.2、2．2014811250411171Fig．1HydrogeologyprofileinNanpicounty2Fig．2DistributionofsamplingsitesinNanpicounty．SG、DG、CP．、pHpH/ORP/DOMETERD-75HORIBARScientificpHCONDMETERES-71HORIBARScientificEC．3min50mL100mL4℃．350436K+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、Cl－、SO2－4、NO－3、F－ICS-2100DionexHCO－3CO2－35%．δ2H、δ18OL2120-iIsotopicH2OPicarroδ2H、δ18OVSMOWδ2H±0.5‰、δ18O±0.2‰．-SISISI=lgIAP/KIAPK．SI＜0SI=0SI＞018．PHREEQC2.15CaCO3、CaMgCO32CaF2．22.1111pH、pHpH7.46＜8.24＜8.30＜8.31．EC1341～10570μS·cm－11274～1736μS·cm－1．EC1380μS·cm－1＜1749μS·cm－1＜4125μS·cm－1＜4442μS·cm－1．．1Table1Statisticsofhydro-chemicalparametersofsurfacewaterandgroundwaterinfieldsurveypHEC/μS·cm－1NN177.828.938.300.30179983940174991027.798.688.240.632392043304125290376.908.977.460.413713411057044422117177.138.568.310.33171274173613801082δ2Hδ18Oδ2H－77.1‰～－74.7‰δ18O－11.0‰～－10.1‰δ2H－66.3‰～－33.9‰δ18O－9.2‰～－3.8‰．．δ2Hδ18O＜＜．．δ2H－46.0‰δ18O－5.1‰、δ2H－47.3‰δ18O－5.5‰δ2H－50.5‰δ18O－6.2‰δ2H－57.0‰δ18O－7.7‰、δ2H－54.0‰δ18O－6.7‰2δ2Hδ18O/‰Table2Theδ2Handδ18Odistributioncharacteristicsofsurfacewaterandgroundwaterindifferentseasons/‰δ18Oδ2Hδ18Oδ2Hδ18Oδ2Hδ18Oδ2H－6．9－53．0——－8．4－61．6－10．6－76．9－3．1－37．6——－0．9－25．2－10．2－76．4－5．1－46．0－5．5－47．3－6．2－50．5－10．4－76．6－8．4－61．8－7．8－58．7－9．2－66．3－11．0－77．1－6．0－47．8－5．6－49．4－3．8－33．9－10．1－74．7－7．7－57．0－6．7－54．0－7．9－58．5－10．5－76．3450411δ2H－58.5‰δ18O－7.9‰．SG32δ2H－75.7‰δ18O－10.2‰．2.23F－Fig．3MassconcentrationandfrequencydistributionofF－indifferentwatertypes3．0.00mg·L－1＜0.29mg·L－1＜0.71mg·L－1＜3.88mg·L－1＞＞＞．C162.38mg·L－11.00mg·L－1．3C5、C6C96C4、C10、C11、C12、C13C140.50～1.00mg·L－1．．37101.00mg·L－127.03%71.00～3.00mg·L－1SG21、SG22、SG25、SG26、SG34、SG35SG36．SG13.52mg·L－1．1.99mg·L－1．SG235.24mg·L－1δ2Hδ18O．．4a．4aSG190.34mg·L－1．SG1、SG28SG36164a．SG297m0.31mg·L－19m30m．5504361mg·L－1DG15、DG16DG175mg·L－14．4b．．．．174F－Fig．4ContourlinesofF－33.1、．Song19、δ2Hδ18O．14C300～450mδ2H－76‰～－72‰δ18O－10.7‰～－10.1‰2.56～610～50mδ2H－69‰～－59‰δ18O－9.6‰～－8.2‰20．21δ2Hδ18O1．3.2、、、22．2223．．1724．．pHpH85a99%F－25．F－EC5c．F－26．F－Na-HCO3-SO4＞Na-HCO3-Cl-SO4＞Na-HCO3-Cl＞Na-HCO3-SO4-Cl．Na+HCO－3．05e4fHCO－3Ca2+CaF2．6504115dCa2++2HCO－→3CaCO3+H2O+CO2Mg2++Ca2++4HCO－→3CaMgCO32+2H2O+2CO2CaF→2Ca2++2F－F－．、．．3.3、、．3．P＜0.01F－P＜0.05．2513.5～14.5℃．．Song194.65m1m1．4m．F－pHP＜0.053．F－OH－pHOH－F－2728．F－pHpH29．pHpH7～85aF－81%～99%23．5bP＜0.053．30F－pHpH8.5pHOH－+HCO－→3CO2－3+H2OHCO－3F－．5cECF－F－．31．Ca2+Na+CaHCO32+2Na+2NaHCO3+Ca2+Na+22．F－3F－．、、．SG23．19653.88mg·L－1．、．750436、32．、．3F－1Table3Correlationbetweenh