环境公益诉讼的理论基础探究

:2009-07-28:,,,,。＊“”。环境公益诉讼的理论基础探究＊徐祥民　凌　欣　陈　阳(,266100)　,。、,。、、,“”。“”。、、。“”、。。,。　;;　D912.6　　A　　1002-2104(2010)01-0149-07　doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2010.01.027　　[1],。,“”,。1　对以往学说的评说,、、。,,。:、、、,。,·,,。,[2]:“,、,。,,,,。,,,、。”,1970《》,:“、、,、、、、、、、、、、。”[3],。,:,;,。,,:、、。。,,。,。·149··　2010　20　1　　CHINAPOPULATION,RESOURCESANDENVIRONMENT　Vol.20　No.1　2010,。,,,;,,;;、、,;。,。,。,、。,,,,,,。。[4]。:“(),。……,……,,()。———,……,,,。,。”[5],,。:“,,,。,,,,,。,,。,,。,,。。”[6],,,1970《》,。,。,,、。。。,,,、,。,。,。,。,,,,。,。———(DefendersofWildlife):“,。,,。,,。”。。20,。、、。60,、。,1969“”“”。,。,。,。,。,“”“”。[7]“”“”,,,,·150··　2010　1,。、,,,,。。、。,、,,、,。、,,,。,。,,“”。。,。。,、,。,。,,。“”,。,,“”。,。,。“”,、。,,。,,“”,“,,”,“”,“”,“、、”“”,“”,。,“,,,”,“,,”,。,。,,,。,,。,。,“”。,,“”,。“”,anyperson。,“”。,“”。,。(),,。,,。、。,,,。“”。、,,。,、。[8],。,。:,。,。,?“”。,。,。?———,“”·151·:。(),,、、,,,“”,。,,。、、,,,,“,”,。,“”、“”?。。,,,。,。,()(),、。,。,。、,、,,、,、。,,,。,“”[9]。,,。,,,,。,,。2　多人公益环境诉讼的理论根据,,。,,,,。,。,,,[10]。,“”,,、。、、,,。,,、。。,、[11]。、,。,、。,《》:“。、,,。”,“”,,。《》:“。”“”。,,,。,,,。,,“”,。,()。,,,;,,。,·152··　2010　1。,、,。,,、,,。,,,。,。,。。。,。3　集体公益环境诉讼的理论根据,,,,。,。。:“:,、。”“,,,。”“,,,`'、`',`',,,、,、、。”[12]“”,,,。,,“”,“”。,,“”,。,“”。,。,。,,,。,。,,。,,。,。,,。,,。,。,“”?,、。、,“”,,,,、。,,、。、,,。,?。。。《》:“……,。”:“,;,、……。”“、·153·:,,。。”[13]、,。,。,,。。,。,,,。,、?,,。,、、、、、。。,、,,,“”,,,,,。,,。,。。,“”“”。,,。,。。。,,、、、。。。;,,。,,。“”,,,,。“”,。《》:“。”,“”,。,“”,;,,“”,。、,。,,“”。。,。。,。。。。。。,,。。(编辑:李　琪)(References)[1].[M].:,2007.449-457.[BieTao.EnvironmentalPublicInterestLitigation[M].Beijing:LawPress·China,2007.449-457.][2].[M].:,·154··　2010　12000:240.[WangJin.AStudyoftheObjectivesofEnvironmentalLaw[M].Bejing:LawPress·China,2000:240.][3].[M].:,1992:125.[WangXi.AmericanEnvironmentalLaw[M].Wuhan:WuhanUniversityPress,1992:125.][4].———[J].,2003,(2):122-129.[LiYanfang.U.S.CitizenSuitSystemanditsInspiration—UsingforReferencefortheEstablishmentofPublicInterestActioninChina[J].JournalofRenminUniversityofChina,2003,(2):122-129.][5],.[A].:.(10)[C].:,1998:467-469.[Tanakahideo,Takeutiakio.TheIndividualRoleoftheLawRealization[A].In:LiangHuixing.CivilandCommercialLawSeries(10thVol.)[C].Beijing:LawPress·China,1998:467-469.][6].[M].:,1995:627-628.[WangMingyang.AmericanAdministrativeLaw[M].Beijing:ChinaLegalPublishingHouse,1995:627-628.][7].[M].:,2002:210-211.[YanYunqiu.ResearchontheprinciplesofthePublicInterestLitigation[M].Beijing:ChinaProcuratorialPress,2002:210-211.][8].[J].,2004,(2):109-116.[XuXiangmin.SeveralOpinionsabouttheConceptofCivilEnvironmentalRight[J].ChinaLegalScience,2004,(2):109-116.][9].[A].:.()[C].:,2006.[ChenDong.ThecitizensuitoftheFederalEnvironmentalStautesintheU.S.A[A].In:XuXiangmin.ChinaEnvironmentandResourcesLawReview(1stVol.)[C].Beijing:ChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLawPress,2006.][10].———“”[J].·,2009,(3).[LvXia.TheNaturesandTypesoftheEnvironmentalPublicInterestLitigation[J].ChinaPopulationResourcesandEnvironment,2009,(3).][11].[M].:,2005.[LengLuosheng.LawsuitTheoryandContentontheCaseofPublicHazardsinJapan[M].Beijing:TheCommercialPress,2005.][12].———[A].:.[C].:,2007.[LiJingyun.EnvironmentalPublicInterestLitigationinAmerica—IntroductionoftheEnvironmentalPublicInterestLitigatio[A].In:BieTao.EnvironmentalPublicInterestLitigation[C]Beijing:LawPress·China,2007.][13].[J].(),2007,(3):79-89.[ZhangShijun.DiscussionoftheSystemandTypeofQualifiedPlaintiffsinEnvironmentalPublicInterestLitigationinChina[J].JournalofJinanUniversity(PhilosophyandSocialSciences),2007,(3):79-89.]ExplorationfortheTheoreticalFoundationofEnvironmentalPublicInterestLitigationXUXiang-min　LINGXin　CHENYang(Law&PoliticsSchoolofOceanUniversityofChina,QingdaoShandong266100,China)Abstract　Environmentisnotanobjectofrights.Andthus,bothenvironmentalrighttheoryandpublictrusttheorycouldnotprovidetheoreticalsupportforenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigation.Environmentalpublicinterestlitigationmaintainedthemajorityinterests,whichisbasedoncitizens'propertyrightsandpersonalrights.Othertheoriesdonotneedtobebuilt.Theprivateattorneygeneraldoctrineandtheprivateenforcementdoctrinereflectedasthestateandthepowertheories;civilprosecutiverightsareonthepremiseoftheexistenceof“activecitizens”,whichpresentsintherelationshipofindividualandinterestcommunity.Thecommunityshouldbeconsistedofcombinationofpeopleinaspecificscopejointlydeterminedbystate,nationandnaturalenvironment.Themember'sresponsibilitytothecommunityprovidestheoreticalbasisofwhichcitizensactas“theprivateattorneygeneral”orpublicinterestprosecutor.Therefore,thetheoreticalfoundationofenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationliesintheliabilityofcitizenasamemberofenvironmentalinterestcommunitytothecommonenvironmentalinterest.Infact,environmentallitigationthatmaintainsinterestsofthemajorityistheprivateinterestlitigation.Onlythewhenenvironmentallitigationmaintainsthecollectiveinterests,theenvironmentalpublicinterestlitigationiswhatweneedtobuild.Keywords　environmentallawsuit;environmentalpublicinterestlitigation;publicinterestlitigation·155·: