环境矿物材料在土壤水体大气污染治理中的利用

鲁安怀(,100083),,,1,,,,,,,,,[1],,,,,[2],,184Vol.18,No.4199912ACTAPETROLOGICAETMINERALOGICADec.,1999(49672097)(9505207),,1962,,,1999-03-23,1999-07-01221[2],,,,[2,3]22,:(1),;(2);(3);(4);(5);(6);(7);(8)331,,,,,,,,,,,,,,60~70,,,,[4],,,,,,,2934:,[5]1983,,32,[6],,,,,,,,[7,8],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[9,10],,,FeMn,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,29418441,,,500,80%90%,,,,,,,,1/4,,,,,,,,,42,,,,,,,,[7],,,,,,,[11]43,,,,2954:,,,,,,[12],,Cr6+,,,,,70,80,90,,,[13][14],[12],Cr6+Pb2+Cd2+Hg2+,(Fe2+,S2-,S2-2),(S/S2-Cr6+/Cr3+S/S2-2Cr6+/Cr3+Fe3+/Fe2+Cr6+/Cr3+)(S2-Pb2+Cd2+Hg2+Cr3+),PbSCdSHgS,,CdS,Cr2S3Cr3S4,,Cr(OH)3,,4551,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[15],,,,,29618,:,;,;,[15],,52,,,,,,,,,(50%),[13],,,,,,,,,,()(),,,,,,,,,//,53,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2974:,,,54,,,,,,,pH,,55,,,,,,,,6,,,,,,,,1..,1996,3(1):98.2..,1997,16():184~187.3,,.Cr(VI)..:,298181997,643~646.4..:,1992.5WagnerJetal.Useofcationicsurfactantstomodifysoilsurfacestopromotesorptionandmigrationofhydrophobicorganiccompounds.Environ.Sci.Technol.,1994,28:231~237.6,,..:,1993.7,,..,1997,16(1):1~13.8SparkKMetal.Characterizingheavymetaladsorptiononoxidesandoxyhydroxides.Europ.J.ofSoilSci.,1995,46:621~631.9,,..,1998,17(4):217~223.10HochellaJrMF.Mineral_waterinterfacegeochemistry:anoverview.Reviewinmineralogy,1990,23:1~16.11JoshiAandChaudhuriM.Removalofarsenicfromgroundwaterbyironoxide_coatedsand.J.EnvironmentalEngineering,1996,8:769.12..,1998,5(1):243.13ZouboulisAIetal.Removalofhexavalentchromiumanionsfromsolutionsbypyritefines.WaterRes.,1995,29(7):1755~1760.14ErdemMehmetetal.Cr(VI)treatmentinaqueoussolutionsusingpyrite.Turk.J.Eng.Environ.Sci.,1996,20(6):363~369.15..:,1997.TheApplicationofEnvironmentalMineralMaterialstotheTreatmentofContaminatedSoil,WaterandAirLuAnhuai(NationalLaboratoryofMineralandRockMaterialsExploitationandApplication,ChinaUniversityofGeosciences,Beijing100083)Keywords:environmentalmineralmaterials;basicproperties;contaminationtreatment;soil;surfacewater;groundwater;smokeanddustAbstractBasicpropertiesofenvironmentalmineralmaterialsincludingsurfaceadsorption,porousfiltration,ionexchangeandheateffectaswellaschemicalsolubilityareputforwardinthispaper.Theycanbewidelyappliedtosuchfieldsoftackingcontaminationandrenovatingenvironmentasqualityimprovementofsurfacewater,groundwater,rivers,lakesandgroundreservoirs;improvementofsoil;disposalofunclearwaste;purificationofdomesticsewage;collectionofsmokeanddustandtreatmentofwastewater.Theprospectiveinvestigationandutilizationofenvironmentmineralmaterialsaredealtwithindetailwiththeemphasisplacedonthepreventionandcureofsoilcontaminatedbyheavymetals,qualityimprovementandtreatmentofsurfacewaterandgroundwaterandcollectionofsmokeanddustinburningcoals.TheFe,MnandAloxidesandhydroxidestogetherwithclaymineralsinsoilarefavorabletoadsorbing2994:heavymetalsinsoilsystems.Contaminatedsurfacewaterandgroundwatercanbetreatedbynaturalminerals,especiallythosehavingpropertiesofsurfaceadsorption,ionexchange,porousfiltrationandchemicalsolubility.ThemetalmineralscontainingelementsofchangeablevalencessuchasFe,MnandScanbeusedasgoodreductantsoroxidantstoreactwithpollutantsinwastewater.Theheateffectsofnaturalmineralsandtheirmodifiedproductsarehelpfultofixingsulfurdioxideandfinegrainsofcarbonduringtheburningofcoals.Theeffective,economicalandsimplemethodsofpollutantsdisposalbynaturalmineralsembodynaturalself_purificationininorganicworld,analogoustowell_knownbiologicalpurificationbynaturalplantsinorganicworld.消息报道19994,,()::,():,,():,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,中国地质学会矿物学专业委员会王立本30018