初中英语语法-代词(新)

↙ThisisacowThisisagirlno代词的分类人物不反指人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式记住表格1.人称代词作主语时用主格，在动词或介词后作宾语时用宾格Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他。Shegavethebookstoyouandme.这些书是她送给你和我的。2.人称代词单数在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜欢音乐。It的用法：1:it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。2.it可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadteacher.3.it可作为形式主语，it’s+adj+for/of+todoIt’shardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。4.某人花费…做某事Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.5.自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todo1.Ifound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.A.it’sB.itC.that2.It__myfatherawholemonthtogoonbusiness.A.spentB.costC.took3.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.A.goB.togoC.going二.物主代词人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性名词性myouryouryourhisheritstheirmineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词可以单独使用，形容词性物主代词不可以Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s不定代词不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/anysome（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句Doyouhaveanypicture-books?注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？Willyougivemesomewater?你能给我些水吗？2.many/muchmany修饰或指代复数名词Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.Manyofuslikeplayinggames.much修饰或指代不可数名词Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.3.another/otheranother泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.4.theother/others/theotherstheother1.特指两个中的另一个Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.注：theotherboys=theothersothers泛指其他的人或物Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指确定范围内两部分剩下的全部人或物Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew修饰可数名词little/alittle修饰不可数名词few,little表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”6.every/eachevery＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用Everychildlikesplayinggames.each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.7.all/noneall“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前WeareallfromCanada.TheyalllikeEnglish.none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.8.both/either/neitherboth“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数Neitheranswerisright.有关词组及应用bothof/neitherofBothofthemswimwell.他们俩都游得很好。Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。both…and两者都（谓语动词用复数形式）either…or或者。。或者/neither…nor既不也不(谓语动词遵循就近原则)BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.Tom和Lucy都在二年级。Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都没空。9.Something/anything/nothingSomebody/anybody/nobodya.当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置b.做主语时动词用单数Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingelseinthebox?Nobodycananswerthequestion.eacheveryeach(常与of连用)every两者或以上的每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物everyother…每隔…Eg:everyotherday每隔一天=everytwodays①Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet.A．everyB．eachC．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天来这里。Hecamehere__________day.everyothernonenoonenonenoone没有什么人/物“没有人”只能指人回答howmany问句回答who问句noneof+复数名词/them谓语用单数①Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②Whoisintheroom?—___.A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefromeitherof两者之一+复数名词/them/us谓单neitherof两者都不谓单bothof两者都谓复①___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②Bothofhisparents___teachers.A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherbotheitherneitherboth①EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②NeitheryounorI___ascientist.A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither…or…或者…或者…就近原则neither…nor…两者都不both…and…两者都复数谓语oneit①Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.A.itB.oneC./②Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.A.itB.oneC./one同类不同件．it同类同件．④ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.either⑤LucyandLily___agreewithus.A.allB.bothC.neither⑥Howareyourparents?Theyare____fine.A.bothB.allC.no1.Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fe